Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 6

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकपञ्चाशः सर्गः — Guha’s Vigil and Lakṣmaṇa’s Lament

Night on the riverbank

Devanagari script

सोऽहं प्रियसखं रामं शयानं सह सीतया।रक्षिष्यामि धनुष्पाणि स्सर्वतो ज्ञातिभि स्सह।।।।

Transliteration

so 'haṁ priyasakhaṁ rāmaṁ śayānaṁ saha sītayā |

rakṣiṣyāmi dhanuṣpāṇiḥ sarvato jñātibhiḥ saha ||

Translation

ดังนั้น ข้าจะถือคันศรไว้ในมือ พร้อมด้วยญาติพี่น้องทั้งหลาย คุ้มครองสหายอันเป็นที่รักคือพระราม ขณะทรงบรรทมพักกับนางสีดา ป้องกันจากทุกทิศทุกทาง

Word by Word

• सः: he/that (I)
• सः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रिय-सखम्: dear friend
• प्रिय-सखम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक) + सखि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (प्रियः सखा); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रामम् इत्यस्य विशेषण

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रक्षिष्यामि इत्यस्य कर्म

• शयानम्: lying down
• शयानम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शी (धातु) + शयान (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रामम् इत्यस्य विशेषण

• सह: with
• सह: सहकारक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सह + तृतीया

• सीतया: with Sita
• सीतया: सहकारक
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• रक्षिष्यामि: I will protect
• रक्षिष्यामि: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: रक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• धनुष्-पाणिः: having a bow in hand
• धनुष्-पाणिः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनुस् (प्रातिपदिक) + पाणि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास (धनुः पाणौ यस्य = one who has a bow in hand); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अहम् इत्यस्य विशेषण

• सर्वतः: on all sides
• सर्वतः: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: ‘from all sides’)

• ज्ञातिभिः: with kinsmen
• ज्ञातिभिः: सहकारक
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञाति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• सह: together with
• सह: सहकारक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सह + तृतीया

Context

We are used to all kinds of suffering and you, to comfort. We will keep vigil during the night for the protection of Rama, descendant of the Kakutsthas.

Characters & Entities

• Guha
• Lakshmana
• Rama
• Sita

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Protective duty: offering armed protection to the vulnerable and to honored guests is a concrete expression of dharma.

What is the narrative situation?

As Rama and Sita rest, Guha volunteers to stand guard with weapons and manpower to ensure their safety.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courageous loyalty—Guha converts affection into responsible action.