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Valmiki Ramayana 2.46.16Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 46, Shloka 16

तमसातीरवासः

Night on the Bank of the Tamasa and the Stratagem to Elude the Citizens

जाग्रतो ह्येव तां रात्रिं सौमित्रेरुदितो रविः।सूतस्य तमसातीरे रामस्य ब्रुवतो गुणान्।।2.46.16।।

jāgrato hy eva tāṁ rātriṁ saumitrer udito raviḥ | sūtasya tamasā-tīre rāmasya bruvato guṇān ||2.46.16||

ตลอดราตรีนั้น โสมิตรีตื่นเฝ้าอยู่ ณ ฝั่งแม่น้ำตมสา กล่าวสรรเสริญคุณความดีของพระรามต่อหน้านายสารถี ครั้นแล้วสุริยเทพก็รุ่งอรุณขึ้น

जाग्रतःwhile (he) was awake
जाग्रतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; genitive absolute-like)
TypeVerb
Rootजाग्रत् (प्रातिपदिक; present participle stem from √जागृ)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय-आधार (present participial), षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग; ‘of (one) being awake’
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), निश्चयार्थ
एवjust
एव:
Avadharana (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारणार्थ (just/only)
ताम्that
ताम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies रात्रिम्)
रात्रिम्night
रात्रिम्:
Kala-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण; duration)
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
सौमित्रेःof Saumitra (Lakshmana)
सौमित्रेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; of Lakshmana)
TypeNoun
Rootसौमित्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग
उदितःrisen
उदितः:
Kriya (क्रिया; predicate adjective)
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + इ (धातु; ‘to rise’)
Formक्त-प्रत्यय (Past participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; agrees with रविः
रविःthe sun
रविः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग
सूतस्यof the charioteer
सूतस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; of the charioteer)
TypeNoun
Rootसूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग
तमसातीरेon Tamasa's bank
तमसातीरे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/location)
TypeNoun
Rootतमसा + तीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष
रामस्यof Rama
रामस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग
ब्रुवतः(of him) speaking
ब्रुवतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; genitive qualifier)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु; ‘to speak’)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय (Present participle), षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग; ‘of (one) speaking’ (qualifies सौमित्रेः)
गुणान्virtues
गुणान्:
Karma (कर्म/object of speaking)
TypeNoun
Rootगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग

Lakshmana continued to describe Rama's virtues to the charioteer, keeping awake that entire night on the bank of Tamasa until the Sun rose.

L
Lakshmana (Saumitri)
S
Sumantra
R
Rama
T
Tamasa (river)
R
Ravi (Sun)

FAQs

Dharma as guardianship and steadfastness: Lakshmana’s wakefulness and moral discourse reflect protective duty and unwavering commitment to righteous leadership.

The first night by the Tamasa passes with Lakshmana awake, speaking of Rama’s virtues to Sumantra until dawn.

Alert devotion: Lakshmana’s tireless vigilance and reverence for Rama’s dharmic qualities.

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