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Valmiki Ramayana 2.12.22Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 12, Shloka 22

द्वादशः सर्गः — Kaikeyi’s Boons and Dasaratha’s Moral Collapse

Ayodhya Kanda 12

तस्य धर्मात्मनो देवि वनवासं यशस्विनः।कथं रोचयसे भीरु नव वर्षाणि पञ्च च।।।।

tasya dharmātmano devi vanavāsaṃ yaśasvinaḥ | kathaṃ rocayase bhīru nava varṣāṇi pañca ca ||

ข้าแต่เทวีผู้เป็นมเหสี พระรามผู้ทรงธรรมและทรงเกียรติยศนั้น ไฉนท่านจึงพอพระทัยให้เสด็จอยู่ป่าถึงสิบสี่ปี

तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/षष्ठी), एकवचन (Singular), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग-सम्भव (context: Rama)
धर्मात्मनःof the righteous-souled one
धर्मात्मनः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharmātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; समास: धर्म + आत्मन् (तत्पुरुष)
देविO queen/lady
देवि:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootdevī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग
वनवासम्forest-dwelling/exile to the forest
वनवासम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvanavāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; समास: वन + वास (तत्पुरुष)
यशस्विनःof the illustrious one
यशस्विनः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootyaśasvin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
कथम्how/why
कथम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/भाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्न-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
रोचयसेyou approve/you desire
रोचयसे:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootruc (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; causative sense in usage (to approve/like)
भीरुO timid one
भीरु:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootbhīru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग
नवnine
नव:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा बहुवचन-समरूप (agreeing with वर्षाणि)
वर्षाणिyears
वर्षाणि:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpañca (अव्यय/संख्याशब्द)
Formसंख्या (numeral), अव्ययवत् प्रयोग (indeclinable numeral)
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

O lady how do you wish this righteous and illustrious Rama to dwell in the forest for fourteen years?

R
Rāma
F
Forest exile (vanavāsa)

FAQs

The verse invokes dharma as moral fitness: it is wrong to impose severe suffering on a righteous person without just cause.

Kaikeyī has demanded Rāma’s banishment for fourteen years; Daśaratha protests, highlighting Rāma’s righteousness and fame.

Rāma’s dharmic character (dharmātman) and honorable reputation (yaśas) are foregrounded as reasons such treatment is unjust.

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