Valmiki Ramayana 2.12.108 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 12, Shloka 108

द्वादशः सर्गः — Kaikeyi’s Boons and Dasaratha’s Moral Collapse

Ayodhya Kanda 12

Devanagari script

मया च रामेण च लक्ष्मणेन प्रशास्तु हीनो भरतस्त्वया सह।पुरं च राष्ट्रं च निहत्य बान्धवान् ममाहितानां च भवाभिहर्षिणी।।।।

Transliteration

mayā ca rāmeṇa ca lakṣmaṇena praśāstu hīno bharatas tvayā saha |

puraṃ ca rāṣṭraṃ ca nihatya bāndhavān mamāhitānāṃ ca bhavābhiharṣiṇī ||

Translation

เมื่อข้าพเจ้า ราม และลักษมณ์ จากไปแล้ว จงให้พระพรตปกครองเมืองและอาณาจักรร่วมกับเจ้า หลังจากที่ญาติพี่น้องของข้าพเจ้าถูกทำลายลง และจงเป็นที่ยินดีแก่ศัตรูของข้าพเจ้าเถิด

Word by Word

• मया: by me
• मया: कर्ता (agent, in passive/benedictive sense: 'by me')
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; उत्तमपुरुष; एकवचन; तृतीया-विभक्ति (instrumental singular) — 'by me/with me'

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction: 'and')

• रामेण: by/with Rama
• रामेण: कर्ता (agent, coordinated)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया-विभक्ति (instrumental singular)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• लक्ष्मणेन: by/with Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणेन: कर्ता (agent, coordinated)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया-विभक्ति (instrumental singular)

• प्रशास्तु: let (him) rule
• प्रशास्तु: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शास् (धातु) + प्र (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (imperative/benedictive); प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपद — 'let him rule/govern'

• हीनः: deprived (of)
• हीनः: विशेषण (predicate adjective to subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन (कृदन्त/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; √हा 'to abandon' से निष्पन्न)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying 'Bharata')

• भरतः: Bharata
• भरतः: कर्ता (subject/agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative singular); कर्तृपदम्

• त्वया: with you
• त्वया: सहकारक-सम्बन्ध (associate, with 'saha')
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; मध्यमपुरुष; एकवचन; तृतीया-विभक्ति (instrumental singular)

• सह: together with
• सह: सह (association marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सह-अव्यय (postposition/adverbial particle governing instrumental: 'together with')

• पुरम्: the city
• पुरम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया-विभक्ति (accusative singular); कर्मपदम्

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• राष्ट्रम्: the kingdom
• राष्ट्रम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया-विभक्ति (accusative singular); कर्मपदम्

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• निहत्य: having slain
• निहत्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (prior action; adverbial to main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु) + नि (उपसर्ग)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive/gerund); 'having slain/after killing'

• बान्धवान्: relatives/kinsmen
• बान्धवान्: कर्म (object of 'nihatya')
• Type: Noun
• Root: बान्धव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; द्वितीया-विभक्ति (accusative plural); कर्मपदम्

• मम: my
• मम: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; उत्तमपुरुष; एकवचन; षष्ठी-विभक्ति (genitive singular) — 'of me/my'

• अहितानाम्: of (my) foes
• अहितानाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation to 'bāndhavān' understood: 'kinsmen of my enemies')
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहित (प्रातिपदिक: a-hita)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; षष्ठी-विभक्ति (genitive plural); 'of (my) enemies/ill-wishers'

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• भव: be (become)
• भव: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (imperative); मध्यमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपद — 'become/be'

• अभिहर्षिणी: delighting/causing delight
• अभिहर्षिणी: विशेषण (predicate to implied subject 'त्वम्')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि + हृष् (धातु) + णिनि-प्रत्यय (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक: अभिहर्षिणी)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative singular); विशेषणम् (predicate adjective to 'tvam' implied with 'bhava')

Context

O cruelhearted woman, you strike one in adversity. Why are your teeth with which you are now speaking (such harsh words) do not fall to the ground, broken into a thousand fragments?

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Kaikeyī
• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Bharata
• Ayodhyā (implied by city/kingdom)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights how adharma within governance (motivated succession and harm to kin) is seen as empowering enemies and destabilizing righteous rule.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha bitterly imagines the outcome of Kaikeyī’s plan: Bharata’s rule alongside her, with Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa absent and the royal family shattered.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa are implied as pillars of righteous stability; their removal signifies moral and political collapse.