Valmiki Ramayana 2.1.45 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 45

गुणप्रशंसा–युवराजनिर्णयः

Praise of Rama’s Virtues and the Decision on the Heir-Apparent

Devanagari script

नानानगरवास्तव्यान्पृथग्जानपदानपि।।।।समानिनाय मेदिन्याः प्रधानान्पृथिवीपतीन्।

Transliteration

nānānagaravāstavyān pṛthag jānapadān api |

samānināya medinyāḥ pradhānān pṛthivīpatīn ||

Translation

จากทั่วแผ่นดิน พระองค์ทรงเรียกเชิญ—แยกกันเป็นส่วน ๆ—ทั้งกษัตริย์ผู้เป็นใหญ่และบรรดาผู้นำสำคัญ ตลอดจนคหบดีชั้นเลิศ จากนครนานาและจากชนบททั่วแว่นแคว้น

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negation)

• तु: however
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अवधारण-निपात (but/however)

• केकयराजानम्: the king of Kekaya
• केकयराजानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केकय + राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (केकयस्य राजा)

• जनकम्: Janaka
• जनकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्प-निपात (or)

• नराधिपः: the king
• नराधिपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (नराणाम् अधिपः)

• त्वरया: in haste
• त्वरया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक अव्यय

• आनयामास: summoned/brought
• आनयामास: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-नी (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Periphrastic perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; ‘summoned/brought’ (negated by न)

• पश्चात्: afterwards
• पश्चात्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पश्चात् (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/क्रम-वाचक अव्यय (afterwards)

• तौ: those two
• तौ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन

• श्रोष्यतः: you two will hear
• श्रोष्यतः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple future), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), द्विवचन, परस्मैपद; ‘you two will hear’

• प्रियम्: pleasant news
• प्रियम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

He summoned individually kings and all important citizens residing in various cities and villages of this earth.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• kings (pṛthivīpatayaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rajadharma: a ruler consults and convenes responsible leaders and representatives of both urban and rural communities before major decisions, showing accountable governance.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha begins arranging a formal assembly by calling prominent kings and notable persons from different regions, preparing for an important royal announcement.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Administrative prudence and inclusivity—recognizing that both city and countryside voices matter in a stable kingdom.