Shloka 11

सीताहरण

विलापः / The Lament at Jatāyu and the Abduction of Sītā

Devanagari script

प्रहृष्टा व्यथिताश्चासन्सर्वे ते परमर्षयः।।।।दृष्ट्वा सीतां परामृष्टां दण्डकारण्यवासिनः।रावणस्य विनाशं च प्राप्तं बुद्ध्वा यदृच्छया।।।।

Transliteration

prahṛṣṭā vyathitāś cāsan sarve te paramarṣayaḥ |

dṛṣṭvā sītāṃ parāmṛṣṭāṃ daṇḍakāraṇyavāsinaḥ |

rāvaṇasya vināśaṃ ca prāptaṃ buddhvā yadṛcchayā ||

Translation

บรรดามหาฤๅษีผู้ยิ่งใหญ่ทั้งหลาย ผู้พำนักในป่าทัณฑกะ ต่างทั้งยินดีและระทมพร้อมกัน: ระทมเมื่อเห็นนางสีดาถูกฉกชิง แต่ยินดีเมื่อรู้ตามกระแสเหตุการณ์ว่า ความพินาศของทศกัณฐ์ได้ใกล้เข้ามาแล้ว

Word by Word

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Pūrvakāla-kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्तः (Gerund/Absolutive), पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (having seen)

• सीताम्: Sita
• सीताम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

• परामृष्टाम्: assaulted/abducted
• परामृष्टाम्: कर्म (Karma; qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परा + मृश् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्तः (Past passive participle, क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; 'सीताम्' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दीनाम्: distressed
• दीनाम्: कर्म (Karma; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; 'सीताम्' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दिव्येन: divine
• दिव्येन: करण (Karaṇa; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे/पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया, एकवचनम्; 'चक्षुषा' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• चक्षुषा: with (his) eye/vision
• चक्षुषा: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, तृतीया, एकवचनम्

• कृतम्: done/accomplished
• कृतम्: क्रिया-भाव (Predicative state)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्तः (Past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; विधेय (predicate)

• कार्यम्: the task
• कार्यम्: कर्ता (Karta; grammatical subject of 'कृतम्' as impersonal predicate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य (प्रातिपदिक; कृ-धातोः यत्-प्रत्यय)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; 'कृतम्' इत्यस्य सह विधेयम्

• इति: thus
• इति: वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक-अव्ययम्

• श्रीमान्: glorious
• श्रीमान्: कर्ता (Karta; qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्; 'पितामहः' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• व्याजहार: said/uttered
• व्याजहार: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + आ + हृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• पितामहः: Pitāmaha (Brahmā)
• पितामहः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितामह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

Context

All the great seers residing in Dandaka forest felt both happy and sad, happy because the destruction of Ravana is at hand and sad because Sita was in distress.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā
• Daṇḍaka forest
• Paramarṣis (great seers)
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes both compassion for the afflicted and confidence that adharma carries the seed of its own downfall. The seers’ mixed emotions show moral sensitivity without losing faith in the ultimate triumph of righteousness.

What is the narrative situation?

After Sītā’s abduction, the forest sages perceive the gravity of her suffering and simultaneously recognize that this event signals the approaching end of Rāvaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The sages’ virtue: karuṇā (compassion) joined with dhārmic discernment—seeing beyond immediate tragedy to the restoration of moral order.