Shloka 12

विराधवधः

The Slaying (Burial) of Viradha

Devanagari script

इत्युक्त्वा लक्ष्मणं रामः प्रदरः खन्यतामिति।तस्थौ विराधमाक्रम्य कण्ठे पादेन वीर्यवान्।।।।

Transliteration

ity uktvā lakṣmaṇaṃ rāmaḥ pradaraḥ khanyatām iti |

tasthau virādham ākramya kaṇṭhe pādena vīryavān ||

Translation

ครั้นตรัสแก่ลักษมณะดังนี้ว่า “จงขุดรอยแยก (หลุม) เถิด” พระรามผู้ทรงพละก็ยืนกดวิราธะไว้ เหยียบคอด้วยพระบาทเพื่อสะกดไว้

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; वाक्य-समाप्ति/उद्धरण-चिह्न (quotative particle)

• उक्त्वा: having said
• उक्त्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (gerund): ‘having said’

• लक्ष्मणम्: to Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणम्: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient; addressed person)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रदरः: a cleft, pit
• प्रदरः: Karma (कर्म; within quoted instruction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रदर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; here as quoted word in instruction (‘a cleft/pit’)

• खन्यताम्: let (it) be dug
• खन्यताम्: Kriya (क्रिया; within quoted instruction)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √खन् (धातु)
• Form: लोट्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि (passive): ‘let it be dug’

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण-चिह्न

• तस्थौ: stood
• तस्थौ: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• विराधम्: Viradha
• विराधम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of आक्रम्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विराध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आक्रम्य: having pressed down
• आक्रम्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-√क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्-अव्यय (gerund): ‘having pressed/stepped upon’

• कण्ठे: on the neck
• कण्ठे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कण्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• पादेन: with (his) foot
• पादेन: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• वीर्यवान्: valiant
• वीर्यवान्: Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण of रामः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर्यवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त

Context

Courageous Rama standing there put his foot firmly on the neck of Viradha and said to Lakshmana,' Dig up a crevice'.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Virādha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes firm restraint of wrongdoing: force is applied not for cruelty, but to prevent further violence and restore safety.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma immobilizes Virādha by pressing his neck with his foot while directing Lakṣmaṇa to dig a crevice/pit.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s valor combined with control—strength used with purpose and discipline.