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Shloka 4

शूर्पणखाया रावणं प्रति नीत्युपदेशः

Surpanakha’s Political Admonition to Ravana

स्वयं कार्याणि यः काले नानुतिष्ठति पार्थिवः।स तु वै सह राज्येन तैश्च कार्यैर्विनश्यति।।।।

svayaṃ kāryāṇi yaḥ kāle nānutiṣṭhati pārthivaḥ | sa tu vai saha rājyena taiś ca kāryair vinaśyati ||

พระราชาผู้มิได้ลงมือปฏิบัติภารกิจอันจำเป็นด้วยพระองค์เองให้ทันกาล ย่อมพินาศไปพร้อมทั้งราชอาณาจักร และกิจการทั้งหลายที่พึงจัดการ

स्वयम्personally/oneself
स्वयम्:
Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
कार्याणिduties/works
कार्याणि:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), बहुवचन
यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
कालेat the proper time
काले:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
अनुतिष्ठतिcarries out/executes
अनुतिष्ठति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√स्था (धातु) with अनु-
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; धातु: √स्था (to stand/perform) with उपसर्ग अनु- (to carry out)
पार्थिवःthe king
पार्थिवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), एकवचन
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; संकेत-सर्वनाम (demonstrative pronoun)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/विरोधार्थक-निपात (particle: but/indeed)
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)
सहtogether with
सह:
Sahartha (सहार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formसह-अव्यय; सहार्थक (with)
राज्येनwith the kingdom
राज्येन:
Sahakaraka (सह-कारक)
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/सह), एकवचन
तैःwith those
तैः:
Sahakaraka (सह-कारक)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे/पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; (here: with those)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
कार्यैःwith the duties
कार्यैः:
Sahakaraka (सह-कारक)
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्ति (सह), बहुवचन
विनश्यतिis destroyed/perishes
विनश्यति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√नश् (धातु) with वि-
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; धातु: √नश् (to perish) with उपसर्ग वि-

The king who keeps both his eyes shut but keeps the eye of justice open, one who is free from anger and remains ever alert, is worshipped by the people.

Ś
Śūrpaṇakhā
R
Rāvaṇa
R
rājya (kingdom)

FAQs

Dharma in governance includes timely execution of duty; negligence (pramāda) destroys both ruler and realm.

Śūrpaṇakhā warns Rāvaṇa that failure to act at the right time leads to political collapse.

Diligence and timely responsibility (kāla-jñāna and kartavya-niṣṭhā).