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Shloka 3

शूर्पणखाया रावणं प्रति नीत्युपदेशः

Surpanakha’s Political Admonition to Ravana

सक्तं ग्राम्येषु भोगेषु कामवृत्तं महीपतिम्।लुब्धं न बहुमन्यन्ते श्मशानाग्निमिव प्रजाः।।।।

saktaṃ grāmyeṣu bhogeṣu kāmavṛttaṃ mahīpatim | lubdhaṃ na bahumanyante śmaśānāgnim iva prajāḥ ||

พระราชาผู้หมกมุ่นในสุขหยาบของชาวบ้าน ประพฤติตามกามารมณ์และถูกความโลภครอบงำ ย่อมมิได้รับความนับถือจากประชาชน—ดุจไฟแห่งป่าช้า

सक्तम्attached/addicted
सक्तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसक्त (कृदन्त; √सञ्ज्/सज् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; भूतकृत्-प्रत्ययान्त (क्त), past passive participle used adjectivally
ग्राम्येषुin vulgar/worldly
ग्राम्येषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootग्राम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), बहुवचन
भोगेषुin pleasures/enjoyments
भोगेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootभोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), बहुवचन
कामवृत्तम्acting by desire/whimsical
कामवृत्तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम + वृत्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (कामेन/कामानुसारं वृत्तम्); पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
महीपतिम्the king
महीपतिम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमही + पति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (मही-पति = earth-lord); पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन
लुब्धम्greedy
लुब्धम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootलुब्ध (कृदन्त; √लुभ् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle) used adjectivally
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)
बहुमन्यन्ते(they) respect/esteem highly
बहुमन्यन्ते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√मन् (धातु) + बहु (उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद; धातु: √मन् (to think/esteem) with preverb बहु- (to esteem highly)
श्मशानाग्निम्cremation-ground fire
श्मशानाग्निम्:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootश्मशान + अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (श्मशाने अग्निः); पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
इवlike/as
इव:
Upama-sambandha (उपमा-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)
प्रजाःthe subjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (कर्ता), बहुवचन

A king who is alert, omniscient, has control over his senses, has a sense of gratitude and one of righteous conduct continues to rule for a long time.

Ś
Śūrpaṇakhā
R
Rāvaṇa
P
prajāḥ (subjects)

FAQs

Rajadharma requires self-restraint: a ruler ruled by kāma (desire) and lobha (greed) loses moral authority and public respect.

Śūrpaṇakhā addresses Rāvaṇa, criticizing his kingly conduct and warning him about the consequences of indulgence and greed.

Self-control and sobriety—freedom from sensual addiction and greed as prerequisites for respected leadership.