Shloka 45

अकम्पनवृत्तान्तः

Akampana Reports Janasthana; Ravana Plans Sita’s Abduction

Devanagari script

कर्मणा केन केनासि कापथं प्रतिपादितः।सुखसुप्तस्य ते राजन् प्रहृतं केन मूर्धनि।।3.31.45।।

Transliteration

karmaṇā kena kenāsi kāpathaṃ pratipāditaḥ | sukha-suptasya te rājan prahṛtaṃ kena mūrdhani || 3.31.45 ||

Translation

ด้วยการกระทำของผู้ใดท่านจึงถูกชักนำสู่หนทางพินาศนี้? ข้าแต่พระราชา ผู้ใดเล่าตีศีรษะท่านในยามที่ท่านหลับสบาย?

Word by Word

• विशुद्ध-वंश-अभिजन-अग्र-हस्तः: whose fore-trunk is pure lineage and birth
• विशुद्ध-वंश-अभिजन-अग्र-हस्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विशुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + वंश (प्रातिपदिक) + अभिजन (प्रातिपदिक) + अग्र (प्रातिपदिक) + हस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘यस्य हस्तः (शुण्डा) विशुद्धवंशाभिजनरूपः’ (metaphor)

• तेजः-मदः: whose intoxication is brilliance
• तेजः-मदः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक) + मद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; रूपक-समासः ‘तेज एव मदः’

• संस्थित-दोर्-विषाणः: whose horns are firm arms
• संस्थित-दोर्-विषाणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संस्थित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + दोर्/दोरस् (प्रातिपदिक) + विषाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘यस्य विषाणौ (दन्तौ) संस्थितौ दोर्भ्याम्’/‘यस्य बाहू एव विषाणौ’ (metaphor)

• उदीक्षितुम्: to look at/face
• उदीक्षितुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-ईक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन् (infinitive), अव्यय; ‘to look at/face’

• रावण: O Ravana
• रावण: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रावण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचन (Voc sg)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (here/in this matter)

• युक्तः: fit/possible
• युक्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘fit/proper/possible’

• सः: that (one)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन

• संयुगे: in battle
• संयुगे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संयुग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Loc sg)

• राघव-गन्ध-हस्ती: the elephant named/known as Raghava
• राघव-गन्ध-हस्ती: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक) + गन्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + हस्तिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘राघवः गन्धः (नाम) यस्य सः हस्ती’ (metaphorical epithet)

Context

By whose action have you been led into this wrong direction? Who has hit you on your forehead while you were sleeping comfortably?

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes wakeful responsibility: a ruler must not drift into adharma through complacency or intoxicating desire; one must ‘wake up’ to consequences before harm occurs.

What is the narrative situation?

Mārīca frames Rāvaṇa’s plan as the result of being misled or mentally ‘struck,’ questioning how such a powerful king could choose a self-ruinous course.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Alertness and accountability: the implied virtue is to remain vigilant rather than be lulled into reckless decisions.