Shloka 34

महोत्पात-लक्षणानि

Omens before Khara’s Assault

Devanagari script

महाकपालिस्स्थूलाक्षः प्रमाथी त्रिशिरास्तथा।चत्वार एते सेनान्यो दूषणं पृष्ठतो ययुः।।।।

Transliteration

mahā-kapālis sthūlākṣaḥ pramāthī triśirās tathā |

catvāra ete senānyo dūṣaṇaṃ pṛṣṭhato yayuḥ ||

Translation

แล้วเบื้องหลังทูษณะ มีแม่ทัพสี่นายติดตามไปในแนวหลัง คือ มหากปาลี สถูลักษะ ประมาถี และตรีศิรา

Word by Word

• sā: that (army)
• sā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• bhīmavegā: of terrible speed
• bhīmavegā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhīma + vega (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः; विशेषण (senā)

• samarābhikāmā: eager for battle
• samarābhikāmā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: samara + abhikāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (samarasya abhikāmā)

• mahābalā: very strong
• mahābalā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः; विशेषण

• rākṣasavīrasenā: the heroic rākṣasa army
• rākṣasavīrasenā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa + vīra + senā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (‘army of rākṣasa-heroes’)

• tau: those two
• tau: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; सर्वनाम

• rājaputrau: the two princes
• rājaputrau: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan + putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; तत्पुरुषः (rājñaḥ putrau)

• sahasā: suddenly
• sahasā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण—‘suddenly/at once’

• abhyupetā: advanced upon, attacked
• abhyupetā: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi + upa + i (इ धातु) + kta (क्त-कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगे—‘having approached/attacked’ (agreeing with senā)

• mālā: a garland
• mālā: Upamāna (उपमान/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mālā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; उपमानवाचक

• grahāṇām: of the planets
• grahāṇām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: graha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा/Comparative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमा-सूचक—‘like/as’

• candrasūryau: the Moon and the Sun
• candrasūryau: Upameya (उपमेय/Compared entity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: candra + sūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; द्वन्द्वः (itaretara)

Context

Surrounded by twelve valiant warriors like Syenagami, Pruthugreeva, Yagnasatru, Vihangama, Durjaya, Karaviraksha, Parusha, Kalakarmuka, Meghmali, Mahamali, Sarpasya and Rudhirasana, Khara proceeded.

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse supports the broader dharmic frame of accountability: organized violence is shown as a coordinated force that will meet righteous resistance and consequence.

What is the narrative situation?

Dūṣaṇa advances with four rākṣasa commanders positioned behind him as part of the battle formation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s implied virtue is steadfast protection (rakṣaṇa-dharma): he confronts not isolated foes but structured aggression.