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Shloka 22

हेमन्तवर्णनम् तथा भरतधर्मनिष्ठा-चिन्तनम्

Winter Description and Reflection on Bharata’s Devotion

एते हि समुपासीना विहगा जलचारिणः।नावगाहन्ति सलिलमप्रगल्भा इवाहवम्।।।।

ete hi samupāsīnā vihagā jalacāriṇaḥ |

nāvagāhanti salilam apragalbhā ivāhavam ||

เหล่านกน้ำเหล่านี้ แม้จะมาชุมนุมอยู่ใกล้กัน ก็ยังไม่ดำดิ่งลงสู่สายน้ำ—ดุจนักรบขลาดที่ไม่ย่างกรายเข้าสู่สนามรบ

एतेthese
एते:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
हिindeed/for
हि:
सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थक-निपात (particle: indeed/for)
समुपासीनाःseated nearby
समुपासीनाः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसमुपासीन (कृदन्त; √आस् (धातु) + सम्+उप + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विहगाः इति विशेषण
विहगाःbirds
विहगाः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविहग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
जल-चारिणःwater-going/aquatic
जल-चारिणः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootजल (प्रातिपदिक) + चारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (जले चरन्ति)
not
:
सम्बन्ध (Negation/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
अवगाहन्तिplunge/enter (into water)
अवगाहन्ति:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√गाह् (धातु) (अव उपसर्ग)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
सलिलम्water
सलिलम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसलिल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अप्रगल्भाःtimid/inexperienced
अप्रगल्भाः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रगल्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विहगाः इति विशेषण
इवas if/like
इव:
सम्बन्ध (Comparison/उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमा-वाचक (comparative particle)
आहवम्battlefield
आहवम्:
उपमान (Standard of comparison/उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootआहव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; उपमान (object of comparison)

Just as inefficient warriors do not enter the warfield, aquatic birds sitting near water do not venture to take a plunge into it.

W
water (salila)
B
battlefield (āhava)

FAQs

It underscores courage as a dharmic necessity in one’s rightful duty: merely staying near the duty-field is not enough; one must enter and act when the moment calls.

Rama continues describing winter: even aquatic birds hesitate to enter the cold water, which he likens to hesitant fighters avoiding battle.

Valor and readiness—especially associated with kṣatriya-dharma (the duty to face challenges directly).