Shloka 35

Dharma of the Renunciant: Alms Discipline, Meditation, and Expiations

Devanagari script

एष देवो महादेवः केवलः परमं शिवः । तदेवाक्षरमद्वैतं तदा नित्यं परं पदम्

Transliteration

eṣa devo mahādevaḥ kevalaḥ paramaṃ śivaḥ | tadevākṣaramadvaitaṃ tadā nityaṃ paraṃ padam

Translation

พระองค์เท่านั้นคือเทพ—มหาเทวะ พระศิวะผู้สูงสุด พระองค์คือสัจธรรมอักษรอมตะอันไม่เป็นสอง และคือธรรมสถานสูงสุดอันนิรันดร์

Word by Word

• eṣaḥ: this (one)
• eṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• devaḥ: god, deity
• devaḥ: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• mahādevaḥ: Mahadeva
• mahādevaḥ: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) compound: mahā-deva; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• kevalaḥ: alone, exclusive
• kevalaḥ: Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (विधेयविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kevala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective

• paramaḥ: supreme
• paramaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); agrees with 'śivaḥ'

• śivaḥ: Shiva
• śivaḥ: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• tat: that
• tat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1/2 विभक्ति), Singular (एकवचन)

• eva: indeed, alone
• eva: Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध/निपातार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), emphasis

• akṣaram: the imperishable
• akṣaram: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-kṣara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• advaitam: non-dual
• advaitam: Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (विधेयविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-dvaita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective of 'tat'

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kālādhi karaṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• nityam: eternal
• nityam: Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (विधेयविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nitya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective

• param: supreme
• param: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); विशेषण of 'padam'

• padam: state, abode
• padam: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

Speaker

Unspecified (narrative voice within Svargakhaṇḍa; speaker not identifiable from the single verse alone)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: devo = devaḥ (visarga sandhi before voiced); tadevākṣaramadvaitaṃ = tat + eva + akṣaram + advaitam (m-final before vowel); paramaṃ śivaḥ in input likely for paramaḥ śivaḥ (anusvāra/orthographic variation).

Characters & Entities

• Mahādeva
• Śiva

FAQs

Does this verse present Śiva in a non-dual (Advaita) sense?

Yes. Terms like “akṣara” (imperishable) and “advaita” (non-dual) frame Śiva as the single, ultimate Reality rather than merely a deity among others.

What is meant by “paraṃ padam” (the highest abode) here?

It indicates the supreme state or ultimate destination—often read as liberation (mokṣa) or the highest spiritual attainment identified with Śiva.

What theological emphasis does this shloka carry within the Padma Purana?

It strongly emphasizes Śaiva supremacy and metaphysical absoluteness, describing Mahādeva as the sole, eternal, imperishable, non-dual principle.