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Shloka 2

The Story of Yayāti: Indra and Dharmarāja on Vaiṣṇava Dharma and the ‘Heavenizing’ of Earth

धर्मराजं समायांतं ददर्श सुरराट्तदा । समुत्थाय त्वरायुक्तो दत्वा चार्घमनुत्तमम्

dharmarājaṃ samāyāṃtaṃ dadarśa surarāṭtadā | samutthāya tvarāyukto datvā cārghamanuttamam

ครั้งนั้นจอมเทพได้ทอดพระเนตรเห็นพระธรรมราชเสด็จมา จึงลุกขึ้นโดยฉับไว แล้วถวายอรฆยะอันประเสริฐยิ่งเพื่อเป็นเกียรติบูชา

धर्मराजम्Dharmarāja (Yama)
धर्मराजम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मराज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; समासः धर्म+राज (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारय-प्रायः)
समायान्तम्coming, arriving
समायान्तम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-या (धातु) → समायान्त (कृदन्त-शतृ)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (धर्मराजम्)
ददर्शsaw
ददर्श:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपदम्
सुरराट्king of the gods (Indra)
सुरराट्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुरराट् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः सुर+राट् (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
समुत्थायhaving risen
समुत्थाय:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्-उत्-स्था (धातु) → समुत्थाय (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)
त्वरायुक्तःendowed with haste, quickly
त्वरायुक्तः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वरा (प्रातिपदिक) + युक्त (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः त्वरा+युक्त (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष: ‘with haste’)
दत्वाhaving given
दत्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदा (धातु) → दत्वा (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
अर्घम्honor-offering (arghya)
अर्घम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्घ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (प्रयोगे नपुंसकं सामान्यं), द्वितीया, एकवचन
अनुत्तमम्unsurpassed, excellent
अनुत्तमम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (अर्घम्)

Narrator (contextual; specific speaker not explicit in this single verse)

Concept: Dharma is to be honored above rank; proper reception (arghya) signifies recognition of moral authority.

Application: Practice respectful hospitality and humility; honor ethical principles even when you hold power.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Type: celestial_realm

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"Indra, startled yet composed, rises from his throne as Dharmarāja approaches—dark-hued, dignified, bearing the gravity of justice. With swift reverence, Indra offers a shining arghya vessel, while devas pause in respectful silence, acknowledging Dharma’s supremacy.","primary_figures":["Indra","Dharmarāja (Yama)","deva attendants"],"setting":"Jeweled assembly hall with vajra banners, lotus-carved pillars, and a ceremonial arghya tray","lighting_mood":"temple lamp-lit","color_palette":["antique gold","deep indigo","ivory white","cinnabar red","jade green"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: Indra rising from a gemmed throne offering an ornate arghya to Dharmarāja; thick gold leaf halos, embossed jewelry, rich red-green drapery, symmetrical sabhā architecture, ritual vessels rendered with metallic sheen and traditional iconographic precision.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: intimate courtly moment—Indra stepping down with folded hands, arghya bowl extended; Dharmarāja calm and grave; delicate textiles, fine facial expressions, pale sky-tones filtering into the hall, refined ornamentation and soft shadows.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: frontal Dharmarāja with commanding eyes, Indra in respectful posture, stylized arghya vessel and lotus borders; bold outlines, flat yet vibrant pigments, rhythmic decorative patterns across the sabhā wall.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: ceremonial offering scene framed by floral borders; arghya tray centered with lotus motifs, Indra and Dharmarāja in symmetrical poses, deep blue ground with gold highlights, intricate textile patterns and ornamental vines."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"narrative","suggested_raga":"Durga","pace":"moderate-narrative","voice_tone":"reverent-soft","sound_elements":["soft temple bells","conch shell (distant)","hushed assembly ambience","tanpura drone"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: सुरराट्तदा = सुरराट् + तदा; चार्घम् = च + अर्घम्; समायांतं = समायान्तम् (अनुस्वार/नासिक्य-लेखनभेद)

D
Dharmarāja (Yama)
S
Surarāṭ (Indra)

FAQs

Arghya is a formal act of honoring a revered guest; it expresses reverence, auspicious welcome, and recognition of the visitor’s dignity.

Surarāṭ means “king of the gods” and commonly refers to Indra in Purāṇic Sanskrit.

Even the highest authorities are expected to rise promptly and honor worthy visitors—highlighting humility, dharma, and proper conduct toward guests.