Shloka 10

Exposition of Sin and Merit

Sumanas Episode: Yama’s Realm and Rebirths

Devanagari script

पीतवासं गदाहस्तं रक्तगंधानुलेपनम् । रक्तमाल्यकृताभूषं गदाहस्तं भयंकरम्

Transliteration

pītavāsaṃ gadāhastaṃ raktagaṃdhānulepanam | raktamālyakṛtābhūṣaṃ gadāhastaṃ bhayaṃkaram

Translation

ทรงฉลองพระองค์สีเหลือง ถือคทาไว้ในพระหัตถ์ ทาด้วยเครื่องหอมสีแดง; ประดับพวงมาลัยสีแดงเป็นอาภรณ์—ผู้ทรงคทานั้นน่าสะพรึงยิ่งนัก.

Word by Word

• pītavāsam: wearing yellow garments
• pītavāsam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pīta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + vāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (पीतं वासः यस्य/पीतवासा); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; qualifying the deity (yama)

• gadāhastam: having a mace in hand
• gadāhastam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gadā (प्रातिपदिक) + hasta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (गदायुक्तः हस्तः यस्य); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• raktagaṃdhānulepanam: smeared with red-scented unguent
• raktagaṃdhānulepanam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rakta (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṃdha (प्रातिपदिक) + anulepana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (रक्तगन्धेन अनुलेपनम्/अनुलेपनयुक्तः); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• raktamālyakṛtābhūṣam: adorned with ornaments made of red garlands
• raktamālyakṛtābhūṣam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rakta (प्रातिपदिक) + mālya (प्रातिपदिक) + kṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + ābhūṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (रक्तमाल्येन कृतानि आभूषणानि यस्य/रक्तमाल्यकृताभूषः); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• gadāhastam: mace-in-handed
• gadāhastam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gadā (प्रातिपदिक) + hasta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (repeated epithet)

• bhayaṃkaram: terrifying
• bhayaṃkaram: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक) + kara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (भयं करोति इति), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speaker

Narrator (context not provided in the excerpt; speaker uncertain)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Power and authority (gada, ornaments, garments) become instruments of moral order; fear arises from the certainty of consequence, not randomness.

Application: Let the ‘terrifying beauty’ of consequence refine choices: avoid harm, intoxication, deceit; cultivate habits that withstand scrutiny.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Visual Art Cues

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A fearsome deity stands in rigid authority: yellow garments flare against the soot-dark court, while a heavy mace rests in his hand like a final verdict. Red unguents and garlands glow with ritual intensity, turning ornament into omen as the figure’s gaze pins the viewer with uncompromising law.","primary_figures":["Dharmarāja (Yama)"],"setting":"Close-up iconographic portrait within a shadowed judgment hall; minimal background to emphasize attributes—mace, garments, garlands, unguents.","lighting_mood":"lamp-lit with harsh highlights","color_palette":["mustard yellow","vermilion red","burnt umber","blackened bronze","dark maroon"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: iconic single-figure Dharmarāja holding a gada, clad in bright yellow with thick red garlands, gold-leaf halo and embossed jewelry; rich red-green backdrop, ornate arch frame, gem-like highlights, traditional South Indian deity portrait composition with dramatic contrast.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: refined portrait of Yama with gada, subtle shading on yellow cloth, delicate rendering of red sandal/unguents and garlands; restrained background wash, fine facial detailing, quiet menace conveyed through posture and eyes.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: bold outlined figure with gada, stylized yellow vastra and red garlands, patterned ornaments; flat yet powerful color fields, temple-wall symmetry, characteristic large eyes and rhythmic linework.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: central standing figure with gada framed by ornate floral borders; deep indigo ground with gold accents, red garlands rendered as repeating motifs, textile-like patterning on garments, devotional iconography adapted to Dharmarāja theme."}

Audio Atmosphere

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"narrative","suggested_raga":"Bhairav","pace":"moderate-narrative","voice_tone":"reverent-soft","sound_elements":["single temple bell strikes","low drone (tanpura)","faint conch resonance","stillness"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: Compounds resolved: pīta-vāsa, gadā-hasta, rakta-gaṃdha-anulepana, rakta-mālya-kṛta-ābhūṣa, bhayaṃ-kara.

FAQs

What kind of figure is suggested by the imagery of yellow garments and a mace?

In Purāṇic iconography, yellow garments (pītāmbara) and the mace (gadā) commonly signal a Viṣṇu/Vaiṣṇava-associated divine or semi-divine form, though the specific identity depends on the surrounding verses.

Why does the verse emphasize red fragrance, red garlands, and a terrifying appearance?

These details heighten the immediacy and intensity of the vision: red unguents and garlands mark a striking, ritualized adornment, while “terrifying” underscores the awe-inspiring, potentially wrathful or formidable aspect of the manifested form.

What ethical or devotional lesson can be drawn from a fearsome divine description?

Such descriptions often teach reverence and humility: the divine is not merely comforting but also overwhelming in power, prompting the devotee to approach with discipline, purity, and surrender.