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Shloka 1

Brahmavākya

Brahmā’s Pronouncement on Hari-nāma and the Non-punishability of Viṣṇu’s Devotees

ब्रह्मोवाच । किमाश्चर्यं त्वया दृष्टं कथं वा खिद्यते भवान् । सद्गुणेषु च संतापः स तापो मरणांतिकः ॥ १ ॥

brahmovāca | kimāścaryaṃ tvayā dṛṣṭaṃ kathaṃ vā khidyate bhavān | sadguṇeṣu ca saṃtāpaḥ sa tāpo maraṇāṃtikaḥ || 1 ||

พระพรหมตรัสว่า “เจ้าประสบสิ่งอัศจรรย์อันใด และเหตุใดจึงหม่นหมอง? แม้ความร้อนรุ่มที่เกิดขึ้นเนื่องด้วยคุณความดี—ความทุกข์อันเผาไหม้นั้น—ท้ายที่สุดย่อมสิ้นสุดลงที่ความตายเท่านั้น”॥๑॥

brahmāBrahmā
brahmā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
kimwhat
kim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; interrogative
āścaryamwonder/astonishing thing
āścaryam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootāścarya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
tvayāby you
tvayā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया? (correct: तृतीया) तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; Instrumental ‘by you’
dṛṣṭamseen
dṛṣṭam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛṣṭa (दृष्ट, √dṛś धातु; क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formकृदन्त (PPP, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘seen’
kathamhow/why
katham:
Prakāra (प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
or/indeed
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive/optional particle)
khidyateis distressed
khidyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√khid (खिद् धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; passive-like in sense ‘is distressed’
bhavānyou (sir)
bhavān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; honorific pronoun ‘you’
sat-guṇeṣuin virtues
sat-guṇeṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsat + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; Locative ‘in good qualities/among virtues’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
saṃtāpaḥaffliction/torment
saṃtāpaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃtāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
saḥthat
saḥ:
Anuvāda (अनुवाद/subject-resumption)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
tāpaḥpain/heat (torment)
tāpaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
maraṇa-antikaḥending in death
maraṇa-antikaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmaraṇa + antika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘ending in death/leading to death’

Brahma

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

B
Brahma

FAQs

It warns that even seemingly “noble” sorrow attached to virtue can become a consuming inner heat; spiritual progress requires transforming grief into clarity and detachment rather than letting it harden into despair.

By highlighting the danger of mind-born torment, it implies the bhakti remedy: turn distress into surrender and remembrance of the Divine, so virtue becomes humility and service rather than self-consuming anxiety.

No specific Vedanga (like Vyakarana or Jyotisha) is taught here; the practical takeaway is adhyatmic discipline—observing the mind’s saṃtāpa and redirecting it through dharma, satsanga, and contemplative restraint.