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Shloka 1

Kāṣṭhīlā-Ākhyāna: Ratnāvalī’s Return, Co-wife Dharma, and the Phālguna Propitiation

काष्ठीलोवाच । भार्यायास्तद्वचः श्रुत्वा राक्षस्या धर्मसंमितम् । पृष्ठात्करोणुरूपिण्याः सकन्योऽवातरद्द्विजः ॥ १ ॥

kāṣṭhīlovāca | bhāryāyāstadvacaḥ śrutvā rākṣasyā dharmasaṃmitam | pṛṣṭhātkaroṇurūpiṇyāḥ sakanyo'vātaraddvijaḥ || 1 ||

กาษฐีละกล่าวว่า—ครั้นได้ฟังถ้อยคำอันสอดคล้องธรรมะของภรรยานางรากษสีแล้ว พราหมณ์ผู้นั้นก็ลงจากหลังนางลาซึ่งแปลงกาย พร้อมด้วยบุตรีของตน

kāṣṭhīlaḥKāṣṭhīla
kāṣṭhīlaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāṣṭhīla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLuṅ (लुङ्, Aorist), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
bhāryāyāḥof (his) wife
bhāryāyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootbhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
tatthat
tat:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally with ‘vacaḥ’
vacaḥspeech/words
vacaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvacas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular
śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय, त्वान्त), ‘having heard’
rākṣasyāḥof the rākṣasī
rākṣasyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive (6th), Singular
dharma-saṃmitamin accordance with dharma
dharma-saṃmitam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃmita (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-भाव)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; agrees with ‘vacaḥ’; ‘measured/consistent with dharma’
pṛṣṭhātfrom behind
pṛṣṭhāt:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootpṛṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; adverbial ablative ‘from behind’
karoṇu-rūpiṇyāḥof the karoṇu-formed (one)
karoṇu-rūpiṇyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootkaroṇu (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpiṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive (6th), Singular; ‘of the one having the form of a karoṇu (a kind of bird/creature)’
sa-kanyaḥwith (his) daughter
sa-kanyaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (सह/उपसर्गवत्) + kanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ‘together with (his) daughter’; agrees with ‘dvijaḥ’
avātaratdescended
avātarat:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Roottṝ (धातु) with ava- (उपसर्ग)
FormLuṅ (लुङ्, Aorist), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Singular; ava+√tṝ ‘to descend’
dvijaḥthe brāhmaṇa
dvijaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

Kāṣṭhīla

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: shanta

K
Kāṣṭhīla
R
rākṣasī (wife)
D
dvija (brāhmaṇa)
K
kanyā (daughter)
K
karoṇu-rūpiṇī (she-ass form)

FAQs

The verse highlights that even beings associated with fear or transgression (a rākṣasī) can speak in alignment with dharma, and that heeding righteous counsel leads to safe resolution and protection of family.

Bhakti is not explicit here; the verse functions as a dharma-narrative moment where humility and receptivity to righteous guidance prepare the ground for later religious merit and devotion in the surrounding episode.

No specific Vedāṅga (like Vyākaraṇa or Jyotiṣa) is taught in this line; the practical takeaway is dharma-nīti—acting on counsel that is dharma-saṃmita (ethically and scripturally consonant).