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Shloka 61

Kāṣṭhīla-Upākhyāna: Rākṣasī, Spear-Śakti, and Kāśī as Śakti-kṣetra

कुशा द्विजा जलं वह्निर्वेदा भूकालदिक्सुराः । साक्ष्ये यत्र विवाहेषु दांपत्यं तदुदीरितम् ॥ ६१ ॥

kuśā dvijā jalaṃ vahnirvedā bhūkāladiksurāḥ | sākṣye yatra vivāheṣu dāṃpatyaṃ tadudīritam || 61 ||

การสมรสที่แท้จริงคือพันธะคู่ครองซึ่งในพิธีวิวาห์มีหญ้ากุศะ พราหมณ์ น้ำ ไฟ พระเวท แผ่นดิน กาลเวลา ทิศทั้งหลาย และเหล่าเทพ เป็นพยาน

कुशाःkuśa grasses
कुशाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकुश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन
द्विजाःtwice-born (brahmins etc.)
द्विजाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
जलम्water
जलम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
वह्निःfire
वह्निः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवह्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
वेदाःthe Vedas
वेदाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवेद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
भूकालदिक्सुराःearth, time, directions, and gods
भूकालदिक्सुराः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभू + काल + दिक् + सुर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समाहार/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: ‘earth, time, directions, and gods’
साक्ष्येin testimony / as witnesses
साक्ष्ये:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्ष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (relative adverb)
विवाहेषुin marriages
विवाहेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootविवाह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), बहुवचन
दाम्पत्यम्marital union / husband-wife relation
दाम्पत्यम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदाम्पत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
तत्that
तत्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; correlating with यत्र
उदीरितम्is declared
उदीरितम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-ईर् (धातु) + क्त (कृत्)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘is declared/said’

Narratorial Purāṇic voice (instruction on vivāha-dharma within Uttara-bhāga)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

A
Agni
V
Vedas
D
Devas

FAQs

It frames marriage as a dharmic saṁskāra solemnized before cosmic and Vedic witnesses—Agni, the Vedas, the directions, time, and the devas—making the bond sacred, accountable, and not merely private.

By grounding household life in sanctified ritual and reverence for divine witnesses, it supports bhakti through disciplined grihastha-dharma—living with integrity before God, scripture, and sacred order.

It highlights ritual procedure (kalpa/śrauta-smārta practice): use of kuśa, water, and Agni, and the formal concept of sākṣī (witness) in saṁskāras—key for correct performance of vivāha rites.