Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 51

Nirukta, Phonetic Variants, and Vedic Dhātu–Svara Taxonomy

Devanagari script

जन्यादयः पंचदश आत्मनेपदिनो मुने । मृषाद्याः स्वरितेतस्तु धातवः पंच कीर्तिताः ॥ ५१ ॥

Transliteration

janyādayaḥ paṃcadaśa ātmanepadino mune | mṛṣādyāḥ svaritetastu dhātavaḥ paṃca kīrtitāḥ || 51 ||

Translation

โอ ฤๅษี! ธาตุสิบห้าที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย “ชनि” จัดเป็น “อาตมเนปท” และธาตุห้าประการที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย “มฤษ” ได้ประกาศว่าเป็น “สวริตะ-อิตะ” คือมีเครื่องหมายสวริตะกำกับ॥๕๑॥

Word by Word

• जन्य-आदयः: those beginning with ‘janya’
• जन्य-आदयः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्य (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; आदि-तत्पुरुष (‘beginning with janya’)

• पञ्चदश: fifteen
• पञ्चदश: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पञ्चदश (संख्याशब्द/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्यावाचक (fifteen), अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः

• आत्मनेपदिनः: ātmanepada (verbs)
• आत्मनेपदिनः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मनेपदिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• मुने: O sage
• मुने: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• मृषा-आद्याः: those beginning with ‘mṛṣā’
• मृषा-आद्याः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृषा (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; आदि-तत्पुरुष (‘beginning with mṛṣā’)

• स्वरितेतः: of ‘svariteta’
• स्वरितेतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वरितेत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; ‘of svariteta’

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: ‘but/indeed’)

• धातवः: roots
• धातवः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• पञ्च: five
• पञ्च: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पञ्च (संख्याशब्द/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्यावाचक (five), अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः

• कीर्तिताः: are mentioned
• कीर्तिताः: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कीर्त् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in a technical/śāstra mode)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It shows that the Narada Purana includes Vedāṅga-level precision: disciplined knowledge (like Vyākaraṇa and Śikṣā) is treated as a supportive limb for clear understanding of śāstra, which ultimately serves dharma and mokṣa.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: correct grammatical and phonetic understanding protects the meaning of mantras and scriptural statements used in Vishnu-bhakti and ritual recitation, ensuring devotion is aligned with accurate śāstric comprehension.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa and Śikṣā: it classifies dhātus by pada (Ātmanepada usage) and by phonetic/indicatory markers (svarita-it), which are practical tools for correct conjugation and recitation-aware analysis.