Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 90

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

कर्ता कारक इत्याद्या भूते भूतादि कीर्तितम् । गम्यादिगम्ये निर्दिष्टं शेषमद्यतने मतम् ॥ ९० ॥

Transliteration

kartā kāraka ityādyā bhūte bhūtādi kīrtitam | gamyādigamye nirdiṣṭaṃ śeṣamadyatane matam || 90 ||

Translation

ในกาลอดีต (bhūta) ความหมายเช่น “ผู้กระทำ (kartṛ)” และ “ความสัมพันธ์กรณี (kāraka)” อธิบายไว้ภายใต้หมวด “bhūta” และรูปที่เกี่ยวข้อง. ส่วนกลุ่มที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย “gamya” กำหนดไว้สำหรับสิ่งที่เป็น “gamya” (ควรไปถึง/ควรเข้าใจ). ที่เหลือถือเป็น “adyatana” (ปัจจุบัน). ๙๐

Word by Word

• कर्ता: agent/doer
• कर्ता: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• कारकः: kāraka (syntactic role)
• कारकः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (उद्धरण-निपात)

• आद्याः: and the like / beginning with
• आद्याः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; ‘beginning with …’ (elliptic)

• भूते: in the past (tense)
• भूते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in the past’

• भूत-आदि: ‘bhūta’ etc. (past-related set)
• भूत-आदि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष in sense ‘bhūta etc.’ (भूतं च आदिः) used as a technical label

• कीर्तितम्: is declared
• कीर्तितम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कीर्त् (धातु)
• Form: Past Passive Participle (कृत्: क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; passive ‘is stated’

• गम्य-आदि-गम्ये: in ‘gāmya’ etc. (category)
• गम्य-आदि-गम्ये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गम्य (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) + गम्य (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; compound meaning ‘in (the set) gāmya etc.’ (technical)

• निर्दिष्टम्: is specified
• निर्दिष्टम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि√दिश् (धातु)
• Form: Past Passive Participle (कृत्: क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; ‘is specified’

• शेषम्: the remainder
• शेषम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अद्यतने: in the present (today)
• अद्यतने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्यतन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in the present-day (tense)’

• मतम्: is held/considered
• मतम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; predicate nominal ‘is considered’ (elliptic)

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in a technical Vedanga-style exposition)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It links Moksha-Dharma study with disciplined śāstric understanding: accurate grammatical and semantic classification (kāraka, tense-categories) is presented as a tool for correct comprehension of scripture and right practice.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: by insisting on precise meaning in language, it safeguards correct interpretation of Vishnu-bhakti teachings—so devotion is guided by right understanding rather than confusion about scriptural statements.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa (grammar): it outlines how certain semantic roles and word-sets are mapped to past, “gamya” (to-be-reached/understood) usage, and the remaining to the present—supporting precise analysis of Vedic and Purāṇic sentences.