Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 7

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

पंचमी स्यान्ङसिभ्यांभ्यो ह्यपादाने च कारके । यतोऽपैति समादत्ते अपदत्ते च यं यतः ॥ ७ ॥

Transliteration

paṃcamī syānṅasibhyāṃbhyo hyapādāne ca kārake | yato'paiti samādatte apadatte ca yaṃ yataḥ || 7 ||

Translation

วิภัตติที่ห้า (ปัญจมี) แสดงด้วย ‘งสิ, ภฺยาม, ภฺยห์’ ใช้ในคารกะชื่อ ‘อปาทาน’ คือจุดแห่งการแยกออก สิ่งใดที่ของสิ่งหนึ่งจากไปจากมัน สิ่งใดที่หยิบเอาจากมัน และสิ่งใดที่ได้รับมาจากมัน—สิ่งนั้นเรียกว่า ‘อปาทาน’

Word by Word

• पंचमी: the ablative (fifth case)
• पंचमी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चमी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्ति-नाम (5th case)

• स्यात्: should be
• स्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• ङसि: ablative singular ending marker
• ङसि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ङसि (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
• Form: विभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: पञ्चमी-एकवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-tas/-āt’ class; listed as ‘ṅasi’ in pratyāhāra

• भ्याम्: ablative dual ending marker
• भ्याम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भ्याम् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
• Form: विभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: पञ्चमी-द्विवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-bhyām’

• भ्यः: ablative plural ending marker
• भ्यः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भ्यः (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
• Form: विभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: पञ्चमी-बहुवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-bhyas’ (भ्यः)

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतौ/निश्चये अव्यय (particle: for/indeed)

• अपादाने: in the source (apādāna)
• अपादाने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपादान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण ‘in the source/separation (apādāna)’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

• कारके: in the kāraka-role
• कारके: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण

• यतः: from which
• यतः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; अपादान-निर्देश ‘from which/whence’

• अपैति: goes away/departs
• अपैति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग ‘अप-’ (away)

• समादत्ते: takes/receives
• समादत्ते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु) with सम्-आ- (उपसर्ग) → समा-दा
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘takes/receives’

• अपदत्ते: gives away/removes
• अपदत्ते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु) with अप- (उपसर्ग) → अप-दा
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘gives away/removes’ (contextual)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

• यम्: whom/which
• यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्म-निर्देश ‘whom/which’

• यतः: from whom
• यतः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; अपादान-निर्देश ‘from whom/whence’

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It preserves Vedāṅga-Vyākaraṇa knowledge within the Purāṇa, showing that liberation-oriented teaching (mokṣa-dharma) is supported by precise understanding of scripture through correct grammar.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: bhakti relies on accurate hearing and recitation of names, mantras, and teachings; this rule helps a devotee grasp meanings correctly by identifying the ‘source/separation’ sense expressed by the pañcamī.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vedāṅga—Vyākaraṇa: the pañcamī (ablative) case-endings (ṅasi/bhyām/bhyaḥ) are taught for apādāna kāraka—used when something departs from, is taken from, or is received from a source.