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Shloka 68

Adhyaya 8Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

यां न वायुर्न चादित्यो नेन्दुर्न च पृथग्जनः ।

दृष्टवन्तः पुरा पत्नीं सेयं दासीत्वमागता ॥

yāṃ na vāyur na cādityo nendur na ca pṛthagjanaḥ |

dṛṣṭavantaḥ purā patnīṃ seyaṃ dāsītvam āgatā ||

นางผู้ซึ่งแม้ลม สุริยะ จันทรา—และแม้แต่คนทั่วไป—ก็ไม่เคยเห็นมาก่อนในฐานะภรรยา บัดนี้นางผู้นั้นกลับตกอยู่ในสภาพแห่งความเป็นทาส

याम्whom
याम्:
Karma (कर्म/दृष्टवन्तः)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; relative pronoun referring to पत्नीम्
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निषेध-निपात (negation)
वायुःthe wind
वायुः:
Kartā (कर्ता/प्रथमा—of implied ‘saw’)
TypeNoun
Rootvāyu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
nor
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निषेध-निपात
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय-निपात
आदित्यःthe sun
आदित्यः:
Kartā (कर्ता/प्रथमा—of implied ‘saw’)
TypeNoun
Rootāditya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
nor
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निषेध-निपात
इन्दुःthe moon
इन्दुः:
Kartā (कर्ता/प्रथमा—of implied ‘saw’)
TypeNoun
Rootindu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
nor
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निषेध-निपात
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय-निपात
पृथग्जनःordinary people
पृथग्जनः:
Kartā (कर्ता/प्रथमा—of implied ‘saw’)
TypeNoun
Rootpṛthag-jana (प्रातिपदिक; पृथक् + जन)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘common people’
दृष्टवन्तःhave seen
दृष्टवन्तः:
Kriyā (क्रिया/सम्बद्ध)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (Perfect active participle/क्तवत्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘having seen’ (with implied auxiliary)
पुराformerly
पुरा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpurā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, कालवाचक (time-adverb: formerly)
पत्नीम्wife
पत्नीम्:
Karma (कर्म/दृष्टवन्तः)
TypeNoun
Rootpatnī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन
साshe
सा:
Kartā (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
इयम्this (very one)
इयम्:
Kartā (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; appositional emphasis with सा
दासीत्वम्slavery, servitude
दासीत्वम्:
Karma (कर्म/आगता—attained state)
TypeNoun
Rootdāsī-tva (प्रातिपदिक; दासी + त्व)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; state/abstract noun
आगताhas come to, has reached
आगता:
Kriyā (क्रिया/भाव)
TypeVerb
Rootā-gam (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (Past active participle/क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; predicate with सा/इयम्
Devi Mahatmya narrative voice (within the Markandeya–Jaimini frame tradition); in this chapter the asuric side’s speech/boastful persuasion context is prominent
Ambika (Devi)VayuSurya (Aditya)Chandra (Indu)
Ambika/Chandika (implied as the supreme Goddess whose autonomy is being challenged by the asuras)
ShaktismDivine sovereignty and autonomyAsuric arrogance and coercionPurity/aloofness vs. attempted possession

FAQs

The verse highlights the asuric tendency to reduce what is supremely free and revered into an object of possession. Ethically, it condemns coercion and arrogance: attempting to turn the inviolable into a ‘slave’ is a mark of adharma and a prelude to downfall.

This is not Sarga/Pratisarga/Vamsha/Manvantara/Vamshanucharita material in itself; it belongs to a sacred narrative (ākhyāna) embedded in the Purana. At most, it supports ‘vamśānucarita’ in the broad sense of exemplary episodes, but it is primarily Devi-upākhyāna (Goddess narrative) rather than pancalakṣaṇa genealogy or cosmology.

On a symbolic level, ‘Wind, Sun, Moon, and ordinary people’ stand for forces that illumine, move, and measure the world—yet even these cannot ‘possess’ the Supreme Shakti. The claim that she has ‘come to slavery’ reflects ignorance (avidyā): the finite ego imagines it can bind the Infinite; the ensuing conflict reveals Shakti’s unconditioned sovereignty.