Shloka 149

Adhyaya 8 — Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

Sanskrit

तत्र स्थितस्य तस्यापि राज्यं द्यूतेन हारितम् । भार्या हृता च पुत्रश्च स चैकाकी वनं गतः ॥

Transliteration

tatra sthitasya tasyāpi rājyaṃ dyūtena hāritam / bhāryā hṛtā ca putraś ca sa caikākī vanaṃ gataḥ

Translation

แม้เขาจะอยู่ที่นั่น แต่ราชอาณาจักรก็พินาศเพราะการพนัน; ภรรยาและบุตรก็ถูกพรากไป เขาจึงไปสู่ป่าเพียงลำพัง.

Word by Word

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable), स्थानवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• स्थितस्य: of (him) who was staying
• स्थितस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्था (धातु) + स्थित (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत् (past participle) used adjectivally

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle)

• राज्यम्: kingdom
• राज्यम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• द्यूतेन: by gambling
• द्यूतेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; करण (instrument)

• हारितम्: was taken away/lost
• हारितम्: कर्मणि-विशेषण (Predicate adjective to object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृ (धातु) + हारित (कृदन्त, णिच् + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)

• भार्या: wife
• भार्या: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• हृता: was carried off
• हृता: कर्मणि-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृ (धातु) + हृत (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक निपात (conjunction)

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• एकाकी: alone
• एकाकी: कर्ता-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एकाकिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective)

• वनम्: to the forest
• वनम्: कर्म (Karma/Goal as object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• गतः: went
• गतः: क्रिया (Kriyā/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + गत (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृत् (past participle) used as finite sense

Speakers

• Narratorial voice within the frame (speaker not determinable from excerpt alone)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Perils of gambling (dyūta)
• Royal impermanence
• Separation and grief
• Renunciation by force (forest exile)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dyūta (gambling) is portrayed as a gateway to ruin—loss of wealth, social order, and family—reinforcing classical dharma literature’s warnings about addiction and reckless desire.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical narrative (ākhyāna) illustrating dharma/adharma consequences; it is not Sarga/Manvantara but instructive history-like storytelling.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘dice’ can signify chance-driven life where discernment is surrendered; the forest represents the stripping away of external identities, forcing confrontation with inner truth.