Shloka 123

Adhyaya 8 — Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

Sanskrit

इदं मम इदं राज्ञे मुख्यचण्डालके त्विदम् ।

इति धावन् दिशो राजा जीवन् योन्यन्तरं गतः ॥

Transliteration

idaṃ mama idaṃ rājñe mukhya-caṇḍālake tv idam /

iti dhāvan diśo rājā jīvan yony-antaraṃ gataḥ

Translation

“นี่เป็นของเรา; นี่เป็นของพระราชา; และนี่เป็นของหัวหน้าจัณฑาล!”—เมื่อร้องตะโกนดังนี้ กษัตริย์ก็วิ่งไปทุกทิศ; และทั้งที่ยังมีชีวิตอยู่ เขาก็เข้าสู่ครรภ์อื่น (ได้อุบัติใหม่)

Word by Word

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• मम: mine
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• राज्ञे: for the king
• राज्ञे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th), एकवचन; दातृ/सम्प्रदानार्थ (dative)

• मुख्य-चण्डालके: for the chief caṇḍāla
• मुख्य-चण्डालके: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुख्य (प्रातिपदिक) + चण्डालक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; ‘to the chief caṇḍāla’

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेषार्थक निपात (but/indeed)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण/समाप्तिसूचक

• धावन्: running
• धावन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धाव् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle, शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• दिशः: directions
• दिशः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• जीवन्: living (while alive)
• जीवन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जीव् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle, शतृ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘while living’

• योनि-अन्तरम्: another womb/birth
• योनि-अन्तरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योनि (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: योन्याः अन्तरम् / अन्यत् योनिः); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• गतः: went
• गतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle, क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि

Speakers

• King (deluded utterances quoted); narrator concludes rebirth

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Moha (delusion)
• Ownership illusion
• Saṃsāra and rebirth
• Karmic transition

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Clinging to ‘mine’ and social labels (‘king’, ‘chief’) is shown as madness at the edge of death; such attachment propels saṃsāra—rebirth follows unresolved grasping.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

While not a formal manvantara/vaṃśa list, it aligns with Purāṇic dharma teaching through ākhyāna: illustrating karmic bondage and transmigration (a common didactic purpose alongside pañcalakṣaṇa).

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Living yet entering another womb’ points to moment-to-moment rebirth: identity shifts with craving and fear; liberation requires cutting the ‘mine-making’ (mamatā) impulse.