Shloka 35
Adhyaya 77 — Shumbha and Nishumbha
Sanskrit
इत्थं विवस्वतः सा तु बहुशः पृच्छतो यदा ।
नाचचक्षे ततो क्रुद्धो भास्वांस्तां शप्तुमुद्यतः ॥
Transliteration
itthaṃ vivasvataḥ sā tu bahuśaḥ pṛcchato yadā / nācacakṣe tato kruddho bhāsvāṃs tāṃ śaptum udyataḥ
Translation
ครั้นวิวัสวัตถามนางซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า นางก็มิได้เปิดเผยความจริง แล้วพระสุริยะผู้รุ่งเรืองก็กริ้ว และพร้อมจะสาปนาง
Word by Word
itthamthus
ittham:
Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootittham (अव्यय)
Formरीति-अव्यय (adverb of manner)
vivasvataḥof Vivasvat (the Sun)
vivasvataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootvivasvat (विवस्वत्-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
sāshe
sā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण/विरोध-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)
bahuśaḥmany times
bahuśaḥ:
Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbahuśas (अव्यय)
Formआवृत्ति-अव्यय (adverb: repeatedly)
pṛcchataḥof (him) asking
pṛcchataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive absolute-like)
TypeVerb
Rootprach (प्रच्छ्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त-शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘(his) asking’
yadāwhen
yadā:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal conjunction: when)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
ācacakṣeshe did not tell
ācacakṣe:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootcakṣ (चक्ष्-धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘आचचक्षे’ = told/declared
tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
Formततः-शब्दः (adverb: then/from that)
kruddhaḥangry
kruddhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootkrudh (क्रुध्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त-क्त (past participle used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
bhāsvānBhāsvān (the Sun)
bhāsvān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhāsvat (भास्वत्-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेष-नाम (the radiant one = Sun)
tāmher
tām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन
śaptumto curse
śaptum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Infinitive purpose)
TypeVerb
Rootśap (शप्-धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), ‘to curse’
udyataḥready/intending
udyataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootud-yam (उद्+यम्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त-क्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘उद्यत’ = ready/raised/intending
Speakers
Narrative voice (reported reaction of Sūrya)
Primary Deities
Sūrya (Vivasvat/Bhāsvān)Saṃjñā
Key ThemesConcealment vs disclosureAnger and restraintCurse as narrative mechanism
FAQs
Repeated evasion corrodes trust and invites harsh speech or punitive action; dharma recommends timely clarity to prevent escalation.
Manvantara/vaṃśa narrative device: the śāpa-threat propels the plot toward a cosmic adjustment (later ‘shaving’ of tejas).
Sūrya’s ‘curse-readiness’ symbolizes unchecked tejas (radiant power) becoming destructive when not moderated by sattvic communication.