Shloka 69

Adhyaya 75 — The Fall and Restoration of Revatī Nakṣatra and the Birth of Raivata Manu

Sanskrit

समेतः सकलैर्धर्मैर्मानवैः पराजितः ।

विज्ञाताखिलशास्त्रार्थो वेदविद्यार्थशास्त्रवित् ॥

Transliteration

sametaḥ sakalair dharmair mānavair aparājitaḥ | vijñātākhilaśāstrārtho vedavidyārthaśāstravit ||

Translation

เขาเพียบพร้อมด้วยธรรมทั้งปวง และเป็นผู้ไม่อาจพิชิตได้ท่ามกลางมนุษย์ เขาเข้าใจแก่นความหมายแห่งศาสตราทั้งหลาย เป็นผู้รู้พระเวท ความรู้ และเจตนารมณ์ของคัมภีร์ต่าง ๆ อย่างถ่องแท้

Word by Word

• समेतः: assembled, endowed (with)
• समेतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-इ (धातु) → समेत (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), विशेषण

• सकलैः: with all
• सकलैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सकल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; विशेषण

• धर्मैः: virtues/duties
• धर्मैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन

• मानवैः: by men/humans
• मानवैः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन

• पराजितः: defeated, overcome
• पराजितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराजि (धातु) → पराजित (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), विशेषण

• विज्ञात: known/understood
• विज्ञात: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-ज्ञा (धातु) → विज्ञात (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त)
• Form: (समासपूर्वपद) क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त; ‘known/understood’ इत्यर्थे

• अखिल: all
• अखिल: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अखिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: (समासपूर्वपद) विशेषण; ‘all, entire’

• शास्त्र: treatise, scripture
• शास्त्र: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: शास्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: (समासपूर्वपद) नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘treatise/scripture’

• अर्थः: meaning/purport
• अर्थः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासान्तपद

• विज्ञाताखिलशास्त्रार्थः: one who has understood the meaning of all scriptures
• विज्ञाताखिलशास्त्रार्थः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विज्ञात + अखिल + शास्त्र + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषसमासः (विशेष्य: ‘(सः)’)

• वेद: Veda
• वेद: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: (समासपूर्वपद) पुंलिङ्ग; ‘Veda’

• विद्या: learning
• विद्या: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: (समासपूर्वपद) स्त्रीलिङ्ग; ‘knowledge/learning’

• अर्थ: meaning
• अर्थ: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: (समासपूर्वपद) पुंलिङ्ग; ‘meaning’

• शास्त्र: treatise
• शास्त्र: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: शास्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: (समासपूर्वपद) नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘treatise’

• वित्: knower
• वित्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विद् (धातु) → वित् (कृदन्त, क्विप्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्विप्-प्रत्ययान्त (agent noun) ‘knower’

• वेदविद्यार्थशास्त्रवित्: knower of the Veda, learning, meanings, and treatises
• वेदविद्यार्थशास्त्रवित्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वेद + विद्या + अर्थ + शास्त्र + वित् (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषसमासः (विशेष्य: ‘(सः)’)

Speakers

• Markandeya speaking (frame dialogue context not explicit in this excerpt)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Kingship ideals
• Scriptural learning
• Manvantara chronology

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The ideal ruler (or Manu-like archetype) is portrayed as morally complete (sakala-dharma) and intellectually complete (akhila-śāstra-artha), implying that authority is legitimized by both virtue and right understanding of śāstra.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: it characterizes the Manu and his epoch by describing the Manu’s qualities, a standard Purāṇic method for marking each manvantara.

What is the esoteric significance?

The pairing of dharma (conduct) and śāstra-jñāna (right knowledge) encodes the Purāṇic view that cosmic order is upheld when inner discernment and outer action are harmonized.