Shloka 9

Adhyaya 54 — Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

Sanskrit

हिमवान् हेमकूटश्च ऋषभो मेरुरेव च ।

नीलः श्वेतस्तथा शृङ्गी सप्तास्मिन् वर्षपर्वताः ॥

Transliteration

himavān hemakūṭaś ca ṛṣabho merur eva ca | nīlaḥ śvetas tathā śṛṅgī saptāsmin varṣa-parvatāḥ ||

Translation

หิมวาน เฮมกูฏ ฤษภะ และเมรุ; นีละ ศเวตะ และศฤงคี—เหล่านี้คือภูเขาวรรษะทั้งเจ็ดใน (ชัมพูทวีป) นี้।

Word by Word

• हिमवान्: Himavān (Himalaya)
• हिमवान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिमवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पर्वतनाम

• हेमकूटः: Hemakūṭa (mountain)
• हेमकूटः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हेम (प्रातिपदिक) + कूट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (हेमस्य कूटः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय (conjunction)

• ऋषभः: Ṛṣabha (mountain)
• ऋषभः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पर्वतनाम

• मेरुः: Meru (mountain)
• मेरुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मेरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पर्वतनाम

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• नीलः: Nīla (mountain)
• नीलः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नील (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पर्वतनाम

• श्वेतः: Śveta (mountain)
• श्वेतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वेत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पर्वतनाम

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक

• शृङ्गी: Śṛṅgī (mountain)
• शृङ्गी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शृङ्गिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पर्वतनाम

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्त (संख्या/अव्ययवत्)
• Form: संख्यावाचक, अव्ययवत्; विशेषण (वर्षपर्वताः)

• अस्मिन्: in this (region)
• अस्मिन्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• वर्षपर्वताः: the mountains of the varṣas (regional mountains)
• वर्षपर्वताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + पर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (वर्षस्य पर्वताः)

Speakers

• Unnamed Purāṇic narrator describing cosmic geography (frame-speakers not explicit in this excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred Geography
• Mount Meru
• Bhu-mandala Divisions

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Mountains serve as cosmic boundaries and supports—mirroring the need for boundaries and disciplines (niyama) that stabilize human life and society.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Again 'Sthāna'—the structural description of the world and its divisions.

What is the esoteric significance?

Meru as the central axis can symbolize the inner spine/axis of awareness; the surrounding ranges suggest layered stabilizers around the center of consciousness.