Shloka 29

Adhyaya 54 — Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

Sanskrit

तेषां स्त्रावात् प्रभवति ख्याता जम्बूनदीति वै ।

यत्र जाम्बूनदं नाम कनकं सम्प्रजायते ॥

Transliteration

teṣāṁ strāvāt prabhavati khyātā jambū-nadīti vai | yatra jāmbūnadaṁ nāma kanakaṁ samprajāyate ||

Translation

จากน้ำคั้นที่ไหลออกจากผลเหล่านั้น บังเกิดแม่น้ำอันเลื่องชื่อชื่อว่า ‘ชัมพูนะที’; ณ ที่นั้นย่อมเกิดทองคำที่เรียกว่า ‘ชามพูนะทะ’

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them (of those fruits)
• तेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• स्त्रावात्: from the flowing/oozing (juice)
• स्त्रावात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्राव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन

• प्रभवति: arises/originates
• प्रभवति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-भू (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• ख्याता: known/called
• ख्याता: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ख्या (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भावे (past passive participle)

• जम्बू-नदी: the Jambū river
• जम्बू-नदी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जम्बू (प्रातिपदिक) + नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (जम्ब्वाः नदी)

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (quotative particle)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), emphasis

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (relative adverb of place)

• जाम्बूनदम्: Jāmbūnada (gold of Jambu)
• जाम्बूनदम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जाम्बूनद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; विशेषण (of gold)

• नाम: by name
• नाम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle) = ‘by name/called’

• कनकम्: gold
• कनकम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कनक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन

• सम्प्रजायते: is produced/comes into being
• सम्प्रजायते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-प्र-जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

Speakers

• Cosmography narration within Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa (speaker not explicit in excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred Rivers
• Mythic Etiology (origin stories)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purāṇic etiology ties natural wealth to sacred origins, implying that prosperity is not value-neutral; it is rooted in and should be handled with reverence and restraint.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sthāna: description of rivers and resources within cosmic geography.

What is the esoteric significance?

Gold arising from a sacred flow symbolizes ‘illumination’ (tejas) crystallizing from the stream of life—purified essence becoming stable value.