Shloka 9

Adhyaya 53 — Rudrasarga and the Measure of the Manvantaras: Svayambhuva Manu, Priyavrata’s Line, and the Seven Dvipas

Sanskrit

वक्ष्ये देवानृषींश्चैव यक्षेन्द्राः पितरश्च ये ।

उत्पत्तिं संग्रहं ब्रह्मन् श्रूयतामस्य सन्ततिः ॥

Transliteration

vakṣye devān ṛṣīṃś caiva yakṣendrāḥ pitaraś ca ye | utpattiṃ saṃgrahaṃ brahman śrūyatām asya santatiḥ

Translation

เราจักประกาศเหล่าเทพและฤๅษี ตลอดจนเจ้าแห่งยักษ์ และหมู่ปิตฤด้วย ทั้งกำเนิดและบทสรุป—โอพราหมณ์ ขอจงสดับลำดับเรื่องนี้เถิด

Word by Word

• वक्ष्ये: I shall describe
• वक्ष्ये: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (simple future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), बहुवचन

• ऋषीन्: the sages
• ऋषीन्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

• एव: indeed/also
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphasis)

• यक्ष-इन्द्राः: lords of the Yakṣas
• यक्ष-इन्द्राः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (यक्षाणाम् इन्द्राः = lords of Yakṣas)

• पितरः: the Pitṛs (ancestors)
• पितरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

• ये: who/which
• ये: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• उत्पत्तिम्: origin/creation
• उत्पत्तिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्पत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• संग्रहम्: summary/compendium
• संग्रहम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन

• ब्रह्मन्: O Brahman (sage)
• ब्रह्मन्: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8), एकवचन; संबोधन

• श्रूयताम्: let it be heard
• श्रूयताम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (imperative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोगः = ‘let it be heard’

• अस्य: of this
• अस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (genitive)

• सन्ततिः: continuity/lineage/series
• सन्ततिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्तति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Manvantara cataloguing
• Pitṛs (ancestral order)
• Mythic ethnography (Yakṣas)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Cosmic order includes visible and invisible stakeholders—gods, sages, nature-guardians (Yakṣas), and ancestors—suggesting dharma is intergenerational and multi-layered.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara with supporting Sarga elements: listing the recurring constituents of each epoch and indicating ‘origin’ (utpatti) alongside structured summary (saṃgraha).

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘saṃgraha’ motif implies that multiplicity is periodically gathered into intelligible order; spiritually, it parallels the yogic movement of collecting scattered faculties into a single, coherent awareness.