Shloka 32

Adhyaya 53The Great Flood

पञ्चस्वेतेषु वर्षेषु सर्वसाधारणः स्मृतः ।

अग्नीध्राय पिता पूर्वं जम्बूद्वीपं ददौ द्विज ॥

pañcasveteṣu varṣeṣu sarvasādhāraṇaḥ smṛtaḥ /

agnīdhrāya pitā pūrvaṃ jambūdvīpaṃ dadau dvija

ในห้าวรรษะนั้น ธรรมะถูกจดจำว่าเป็นสิ่งร่วมกันของทุกผู้คน โอทวิชะ! กาลก่อนบิดาของเขาได้มอบชมพูทวีปแก่อัคนีธระ

pañcasuin the five
pañcasu:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpañca (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormLocative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); numeral (संख्यावाचक)
eteṣuin these
eteṣu:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootetat (सर्वनाम प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally (सर्वनाम)
varṣeṣuin the regions/years (varṣas)
varṣeṣu:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)
sarva-sādhāraṇaḥcommon to all
sarva-sādhāraṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक) + sādhāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—कर्मधारयः ('common to all')
smṛtaḥis said/remembered
smṛtaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Root√smṛ (धातु) + kta → smṛta (कृदन्त प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); used predicatively—'is said/remembered'
agnīdhrāyato Agnīdhra
agnīdhrāya:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootagnīdhra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular (एकवचन)
pitāthe father
pitā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
pūrvamformerly/previously
pūrvam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrvam (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)
jambu-dvīpamJambūdvīpa
jambu-dvīpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootjambu (प्रातिपदिक) + dvīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—तत्पुरुषः (नामधेय)
dadaugave
dadau:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dā (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
dvijaO twice-born (brāhmaṇa)
dvija:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
Narrative voice addressing a ‘dvija’ (listener); frame-speaker not explicit in the excerpt
CosmologyGenealogyKingshipDharma as universal principle

FAQs

Even where social dharma has divisions, a baseline ‘common dharma’ is affirmed; rightful sovereignty is portrayed as stewardship received through lineage and responsibility, not mere conquest.

‘Vaṃśa’ and ‘Vaṃśānucarita’ (genealogies and their accounts) are foregrounded, embedded within ‘Sthāna’ (Jambūdvīpa’s structure).

The ‘gift’ of a continent symbolizes transmission of adhikāra (spiritual and worldly authority): one inherits a field of action (karma-bhūmi) wherein universal dharma must be enacted.