Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 42

Adhyaya 49Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

पुरञ्च खेṭकञ्चैव तद्वद् द्रोणीमुखं द्विज ।

शाखानगरकञ्चापि तथा कर्वटकेन्द्रमी ॥

puraṃ ca kheṭakaṃ caiva tadvad droṇīmukhaṃ dvija | śākhānagarakaṃ cāpi tathā karvaṭakaṃ drami ||

โอ ทวิชะ! มีการกล่าวถึง ปุระ (นคร) และ เขฏกะ (เมืองตลาด/ชุมชนมีป้อม), เช่นเดียวกับ โดรณีมุขะ; อีกทั้ง ศาขานครกะ (เมืองสาขา) และ กรวฏกะ (เมืองเล็ก/ชุมชนพักทาง) ด้วย

पुरम्a town/city
पुरम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपुर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
खेṭकम्a market-town/fortified village (kheṭaka)
खेṭकम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootखेṭक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
एवindeed/just
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (particle of emphasis)
तद्वत्likewise/in the same manner
तद्वत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्वत् (अव्यय)
Formतुल्यतार्थक-अव्यय (adverb: 'likewise')
द्रोणीमुखम्a ‘droṇī-mukha’ type settlement
द्रोणीमुखम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोणी + मुख (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (द्रोण्याः मुखम्)
द्विजO twice-born (brahmin)
द्विज:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
शाखानगरकम्a branch-town (śākhānagaraka)
शाखानगरकम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootशाखा + नगरक (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (शाखायाः नगरकम्)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/सम्भावन-अव्यय (particle: 'also')
तथाthus/so
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: 'thus/so')
कर्वटक-इन्द्रम्the chief of karvaṭakas (karvaṭaka-indra)
कर्वटक-इन्द्रम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्वटक + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (कर्वटकानाम् इन्द्रम् = chief among karvaṭakas)
इतिthus/so called
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
Not explicitly indicated in the provided excerpt (didactic address to a ‘dvija’ is explicit)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Urban classificationPolity and administrationSettlement geography

FAQs

Purāṇic instruction extends to how communities are structured; naming settlement-types implies roles, duties, and protections appropriate to each scale of habitation.

Sthiti-oriented material: social maintenance through administrative clarity (what constitutes a city vs. township, etc.).

Multiple settlement ‘tiers’ can be read as levels of organization in life—household, community, polity—each requiring appropriate boundaries and disciplines.