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Shloka 2

Adhyaya 48The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

कुशलाकुशलैर्ब्रह्मन् भाविता पूर्वकर्मभिः ।

ख्याता तथा ह्यनिर्मुक्ताः प्रलये ह्युपसंहृताः ॥

mārkaṇḍeya uvāca

kuśalākuśalair brahman bhāvitā pūrvakarmabhiḥ |

khyātā tathā hy anirmuktāḥ pralaye hy upasaṃhṛtāḥ ||

มารกัณฑยะกล่าวว่า: โอ พราหมณ์ สรรพสัตว์ย่อมถูกหล่อหลอมด้วยกรรมก่อน—ทั้งกรรมอันเป็นกุศลและอกุศล; เพราะเหตุนั้นจึงเป็นที่รู้จักตามสภาพนั้น. เขาทั้งหลายไม่พ้นจากพันธะแห่งสังสการ และเมื่อถึงกาลปรลัยก็ย่อมกลับหลอมรวมลงในนั้นโดยแท้

मार्कण्डेयःMarkandeya (the sage)
मार्कण्डेयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमार्कण्डेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
कुशल-अकुशलैःby (acts of) good and bad (deeds)
कुशल-अकुशलैः:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकुशल (प्रातिपदिक) + अकुशल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (समाहार-द्वन्द्व), तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
ब्रह्मन्O Brahman (sage)
ब्रह्मन्:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन
भाविताःmade/conditioned (formed)
भाविताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootभू (धातु) + णिच् (causative) → भावित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण
पूर्व-कर्मभिःby former actions (past deeds)
पूर्व-कर्मभिः:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), बहुवचन
ख्याताःknown/renowned
ख्याताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootख्या (धातु) → ख्यात (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण
तथाthus/so
तथा:
Sambandha/Avyaya (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
हिindeed
हि:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle, emphatic)
अनिर्मुक्ताःnot released/not freed
अनिर्मुक्ताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मुच् (धातु) + नञ् (अ-) → अनिर्मुक्त (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formनञ्-पूर्वक क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (negated past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण
प्रलयेat the dissolution (pralaya)
प्रलये:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रलय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), एकवचन
हिindeed
हि:
Avyaya (अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle)
उपसंहृताःwithdrawn/absorbed
उपसंहृताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-हृ (धातु) + उपसर्ग (उप) → उपसंहृत (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण
Mārkaṇḍeya speaking (dialogue frame not explicit in this excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

KarmaCosmologyPralayaMoral causality

FAQs

The verse asserts moral causality: beings’ states and identities are conditioned by prior wholesome and unwholesome actions. Until liberation, karmic imprint persists across cycles, and in pralaya all manifested forms are withdrawn.

Primarily Sarga/Pratisarga framing with explicit mention of Pralaya (dissolution). It sets the karmic logic that underlies subsequent accounts of creation and re-creation.

The ‘known as such’ (khyātā) suggests that guṇa-karmic tendencies crystallize into recognizable ontological categories. Dissolution is not annihilation but reabsorption of names-and-forms into the causal ground.