Shloka 17

Adhyaya 48 — The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

Sanskrit

ज्योत्स्नो रात्र्यहनी सन्ध्या चत्वार्येतानि वै प्रभोः ।

ब्रह्मणस्तु शरीराणि त्रिगुणोपश्रितानि तु ॥

Transliteration

jyotsno rātry-ahanī sandhyā catvāry etāni vai prabhoḥ / brahmaṇas tu śarīrāṇi triguṇopaśritāni tu

Translation

แสงจันทร์ กลางคืนและกลางวัน และยามสนธยา—ทั้งสี่นี้แลเป็นกายของพระผู้เป็นเจ้า; เป็นกายของพระพรหมด้วย อาศัยอยู่บนคุณะทั้งสาม

Word by Word

• ज्योत्स्ना: moonlight
• ज्योत्स्ना: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योत्स्ना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• रात्रि: night
• रात्रि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• अहनी: day and night (the pair)
• अहनी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (अहन्-शब्द), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन

• सन्ध्या: twilight
• सन्ध्या: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• चत्वारि: four
• चत्वारि: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्याविशेषण, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• एतानि: these
• एतानि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), अव्यय

• प्रभोः: of the Lord
• प्रभोः: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• ब्रह्मणः: of Brahmā
• ब्रह्मणः: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Contrast (निपात/Contrast)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (adversative/contrast particle), अव्यय

• शरीराणि: bodies/forms
• शरीराणि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• त्रिगुण-उपश्रितानि: dependent on the three guṇas
• त्रिगुण-उपश्रितानि: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक) + गुण (प्रातिपदिक) + उपश्रित (कृदन्त, उप-श्रि धातु)
• Form: समास: त्रिगुण (द्विगु/संख्यापूर्वक-तत्पुरुष) + उपश्रित (भूतकृदन्त/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; अर्थ: त्रिगुणेषु उपश्रितानि (dependent on the three guṇas)

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Contrast (निपात/Contrast)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphasis/contrast), अव्यय

Speakers

• Narrative doctrinal statement

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā

Key Themes

• Sarga
• Triguṇa
• Cosmic embodiment of time
• Metaphysics of prakṛti

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Time and its transitions are not ‘outside’ sacred order; they are expressions of guṇa-structured prakṛti under the creator’s governance—supporting disciplined living aligned to these rhythms.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: doctrinal consolidation that these temporal forms are Brahmā’s emanated ‘bodies’ grounded in triguṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘four bodies’ can be read as four experiential lights/conditions of consciousness; triguṇa-support indicates that spiritual practice involves recognizing and transcending guṇa-conditioned time.