Shloka 15

Adhyaya 48 — The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

Sanskrit

तस्माद् देवा दिवा रात्रावसुरास्तु बलान्विताः ।

ज्योत्स्नागमे च मनुजाः सन्ध्यायां पितरस्तथा ॥

Transliteration

tasmād devā divā rātrau asurās tu balānvitāḥ / jyotsnāgame ca manujāḥ sandhyāyāṃ pitaras tathā

Translation

เพราะฉะนั้น เทวะทั้งหลายจึงมีกำลังในเวลากลางวัน และอสูรมีกำลังในเวลากลางคืน. ครั้นแสงจันทร์มาถึง มนุษย์ (มีกำลัง) และในยามสันธยา ปิตฤทั้งหลายก็เช่นเดียวกัน (มีกำลัง)

Word by Word

• तस्मात्: therefore / from that
• तस्मात्: अपादान (Apādāna/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुं, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• दिवा: by day
• दिवा: कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दिवा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (adverb: ‘by day/in daytime’)

• रात्रौ: at night
• रात्रौ: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• असुराः: asuras
• असुराः: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• तु: but
• तु: सम्बन्ध (Discourse contrast)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विभेदार्थक अव्यय (adversative particle)

• बलान्विताः: endowed with strength
• बलान्विताः: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बल + अन्वित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘endowed with strength’); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP) from √इ (अन्वि/अन्वित ‘endowed’ as adjectival); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying असुराः)

• ज्योत्स्नागमे: at the coming of moonlight
• ज्योत्स्नागमे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योत्स्ना + आगम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘arrival of moonlight’); पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• मनुजाः: humans
• मनुजाः: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• सन्ध्यायाम्: at twilight
• सन्ध्यायाम्: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• पितरः: the ancestors (pitṛs)
• पितरः: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; ‘likewise/so’ (adverb)

Speakers

• Narrative doctrinal statement

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devas
• Asuras
• Pitṛs

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Ritual time
• Deva-Asura polarity
• Pitṛs and sandhyā

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The cosmos is portrayed as time-sensitive: different beings ‘flourish’ in different temporal guṇa-climates. Practically, it reinforces choosing appropriate times for rites—especially sandhyā-associated ancestor remembrance and disciplined conduct at night.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga (ordering of beings and their powers) with an implicit dharma-application to ritual timing.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Strength’ can be read as psychological dominance: divine clarity by day (sattva), asuric impulses by night (tamas/rajas), ancestral memory at twilight (liminal), and human agency under moonlight (reflective, moderated light).