Shloka 51

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

दुःखन्तु स्वामिनो ध्वंसे तस्य तेषां न किञ्चन ।

वेश्मनो यत्र राजेन्द्र सोपमा योगसिद्धये ॥

Transliteration

duḥkhaṃ tu svāmino dhvaṃse tasya teṣāṃ na kiñcana | veśmano yatra rājendra sopamā yogasiddhaye ||

Translation

เมื่อเรือนนั้นพินาศ ความโศกย่อมเป็นของเจ้าของ; สำหรับสัตว์เหล่านั้นหาใช่อะไรไม่. ข้าแต่พระราชา อุปมานี้มีไว้เพื่อการบรรลุโยคสิทธิ.

Word by Word

• duḥkham: sorrow
• duḥkham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle) — contrast/emphasis

• svāminaḥ: of the master
• svāminaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svāmin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी

• dhvaṃse: in (the event of) destruction
• dhvaṃse: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhvaṃsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; अधिकरण — 'at the destruction'

• tasya: of him/that
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; सर्वनाम

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; सर्वनाम

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• kiñcana: anything
• kiñcana: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kiñcana (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular; अनिश्चित-प्रमाणवाचक — 'anything at all'

• veśmanaḥ: of the house
• veśmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: veśman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी — 'of the house'

• yatra: where/when
• yatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (relative adverb) — 'where/when'

• rājendra: O best of kings
• rājendra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular; कर्मधारयः — 'king who is like Indra'

• sā: that
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• upamā: analogy
• upamā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upamā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• yoga-siddhaye: for yogic attainment
• yoga-siddhaye: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoga (प्रातिपदिक) + siddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; तत्पुरुषः — 'for the accomplishment of yoga'

Speakers

• Didactic narrator to a king (explicit: rājendra)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Vairāgya
• Non-possession
• Siddhi via detachment
• Grief and identification

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Grief tracks identification. The ‘owner’ suffers because he clings; the unattached move on. Yoga-siddhi requires loosening possessiveness (mamatā).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-psychological teaching; not part of sarga/manvantara/genealogy narration.

What is the esoteric significance?

Ownership is a mental construct; when the construct collapses, suffering arises. Yogic realization is to stand as witness (sākṣin), not as proprietor.