Shloka 11

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

उपसर्गान्तमप्याहुर्दैवमुन्मत्तवद् बुधाः । भ्राम्यते यन्निरालम्बं मनो दोषेण योगिनः ॥

Transliteration

upasargāntam apy āhur daivam unmattavad budhāḥ | bhrāmyate yan nirālambaṃ mano doṣeṇa yoginaḥ ||

Translation

อุปสรรคที่ปรากฏคล้ายความคลุ้มคลั่งนั้น บัณฑิตเรียกว่า ‘ไทวะ’; เมื่อเพราะความบกพร่อง จิตของโยคีเร่ร่อนไร้ที่พึ่ง ไร้หลักยึด

Word by Word

• upasarga-antam: ending in a prefix / having a prefix at the end
• upasarga-antam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upasarga (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (upasargasya antaḥ)

• api: even, also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अपि-निपात (particle: ‘also/even’)

• āhuḥ: they say
• āhuḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ah (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद

• daivam: the daiva (type/state)
• daivam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• unmatta-vat: like a madman
• unmatta-vat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: unmatta (प्रातिपदिक) + vat (तद्धित-प्रत्यय)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); -वत् (like)

• budhāḥ: the wise
• budhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: budha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• bhrāmyate: wanders, is deluded
• bhrāmyate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhram (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद

• yat: because/that which
• yat: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (Singular); यत्-सम्बन्धः

• nirālambam: without support
• nirālambam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nirālamba (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• manaḥ: the mind
• manaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• doṣeṇa: by a fault/defect
• doṣeṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: doṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

• yoginaḥ: of the yogin
• yoginaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yogin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Mental instability as obstacle
• Daiva upasarga
• Need for support (ālambana) in practice

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Not every altered state is spiritual attainment; instability and ‘madness-like’ episodes are classified as hindrances, calling for steadiness, guidance, and re-grounding in proper practice.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A practical yogic caution within Purāṇic teaching; not part of the five hallmark narrative categories.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Nirālamba’ indicates loss of a stabilizing object (ālambana) for consciousness. Esoterically, it warns against premature formless practice without sufficient purification and steadiness, which can devolve into tamasic confusion.