Shloka 37

Adhyaya 39 — Funeral Rites

Sanskrit

सर्वे दोषाः प्रणश्यन्ति स्वस्थश्चैवोपजायते ।

वीक्षते च परं ब्रह्म प्राकृतांश्च गुणान् पृथक् ॥

Transliteration

sarve doṣāḥ praṇaśyanti svasthaś caivopajāyate / vīkṣate ca paraṃ brahma prākṛtāṃś ca guṇān pṛthak //

Translation

บาปโทษทั้งปวงย่อมสิ้นไป และผู้ปฏิบัติตั้งมั่นในความเป็นสุขภาพดี เขาย่อมเห็นพรหมันสูงสุด และจำแนกคุณะตามธรรมชาติของปรกฤติว่าแยกต่างหากจากอาตมันได้อย่างชัดเจน

Word by Word

• sarve: all
• sarve: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन); viśeṣaṇa of doṣāḥ

• doṣāḥ: faults, defects
• doṣāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: doṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative), Bahuvacana; kartṛ-pada

• praṇaśyanti: perish, disappear
• praṇaśyanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√naś (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ lakāra (Present/लट्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Bahuvacana; parasmaipada

• svasthaḥ: well-being; one who is healthy/steady
• svasthaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svastha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); subject of upajāyate

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/समुच्चय-निपात)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta (emphatic particle/अवधारण-निपात)

• upajāyate: arises, is produced
• upajāyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√jan (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; ātmanepada

• vīkṣate: sees, beholds
• vīkṣate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; ātmanepada

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• param: supreme
• param: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of brahma

• brahma: Brahman, the Absolute
• brahma: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसakaliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative), Ekavacana; object of vīkṣate

• prākṛtān: natural, material
• prākṛtān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prākṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative), Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of guṇān

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• guṇān: qualities (guṇas)
• guṇān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative), Bahuvacana; object (with pṛthak)

• pṛthak: separately, distinct
• pṛthak: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pṛthak (अव्यय)
• Form: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa avyaya (adverb/क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator voice within the Purāṇic instruction (yoga-prakaraṇa); specific interlocutors not explicit in these verses

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Sāṃkhya-Yoga discernment
• Purification
• Brahman-realization
• Guṇa-viveka

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Yoga practice is presented as both therapeutic and liberative: impurities (doṣa) fall away, health and inner stability arise, and the practitioner gains discriminative insight—seeing Brahman while recognizing the guṇas as functions of prakṛti rather than the true Self.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily ancillary dharma/ācāra teaching rather than one of the five (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita). It supports dharma by prescribing yogic discipline and its fruits.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘separation’ of guṇas from the seer indicates viveka-khyāti: the yogin ceases to identify with prakṛti’s modes, enabling the direct intuition of Brahman (or the puruṣa principle) beyond conditioned nature.