Shloka 38

Adhyaya 37 — Cycle of Rebirth

Sanskrit

नाहं शरीरं न मनो यतोऽहं पृथक् शरीरान्मनसस्तथाहम् ।

तत् सन्तु चेतस्यथवापि देहे सुखानि दुःखानि च किं ममात्र ॥

Transliteration

nāhaṃ śarīraṃ na mano yato ’haṃ pṛthak śarīrān manasas tathāham | tat santu cetasy athavāpi dehe sukhāni duḥkhāni ca kiṃ mamātra ||

Translation

ข้าพเจ้าไม่ใช่กาย และไม่ใช่จิต; ข้าพเจ้าแยกต่างหากจากกาย และจากจิตเช่นกัน. สุขทุกข์จะมีอยู่ในจิตหรือในกายก็เถิด—ที่นี่สิ่งนั้นเกี่ยวอะไรกับข้าพเจ้า?

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध (particle of negation)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, उत्तमपुरुष-प्रयोग; एकवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative singular)

• śarīram: body
• śarīram: Karma (कर्म/Predicate complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया (Accusative singular)

• na: nor
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध (negation particle)

• manaḥ: mind
• manaḥ: Karma (कर्म/Predicate complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया/प्रथमा (Acc./Nom. sg; here as predicate complement)

• yataḥ: because
• yataḥ: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतु-अव्यय (causal indeclinable: 'because/for')

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; एकवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative singular)

• pṛthak: separately, distinct
• pṛthak: Prakaraṇa (प्रकरण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pṛthak (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• śarīrāt: from the body
• śarīrāt: Apādāna (अपादान/Source-separation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, पञ्चमी (Ablative singular)

• manasaḥ: from the mind
• manasaḥ: Apādāna (अपादान/Source-separation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, पञ्चमी/षष्ठी (Abl./Gen. sg; here with pṛthak = Ablative sense)

• tathā: thus, likewise
• tathā: Prakaraṇa (प्रकरण/Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/उपमान-अव्यय (indeclinable: 'thus/so/likewise')

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; एकवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative singular)

• tat: then/that
• tat: Prakaraṇa (प्रकरण/Discourse reference)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc. sg; here as 'then/that')

• santu: let (them) be
• santu: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: as (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद (let them be)

• cetasi: in the mind
• cetasi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cetas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सप्तमी (Locative singular)

• athavā: or
• athavā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: athavā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive: 'or')

• api: also/even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-कार (particle: 'also/even')

• dehe: in the body
• dehe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, सप्तमी (Locative singular)

• sukhāni: pleasures, happinesses
• sukhāni: Karta (कर्ता/Subject of santu)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative plural)

• duḥkhāni: pains, sufferings
• duḥkhāni: Karta (कर्ता/Subject of santu)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा (Nominative plural)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• kim: what
• kim: Karma (कर्म/Interrogative complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (interrogative 'what')

• mama: of me, for me
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; एकवचन, षष्ठी (Genitive singular)

• atra: here
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place: 'here')

Speakers

• Philosophical speaker within the dialogue (Advaitic self-inquiry voice; exact named speaker not provided in the excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Asaṅga (non-attachment)
• Witness stance
• Mind-body as loci of experience
• Freedom from ownership

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

One can acknowledge experiences without appropriating them. This yields calm conduct, endurance, and fewer harmful reactions.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Instructional philosophy; not a pañcalakṣaṇa segment.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse teaches sākṣitva (witnesshood): phenomena may arise in body/mind, but the Self remains untouched—key to mokṣa-oriented contemplation.