Shloka 74

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

पूर्वाह्ने तात ! देवानां मनुष्याणाञ्च मध्यमे ।

भक्त्या तथापराह्ने च कुर्वोत पितृपूजनम् ॥

Transliteration

pūrvāhne tāta! devānāṃ manuṣyāṇāñ ca madhyame | bhaktyā tathāparāhne ca kurvota pitṛpūjanam ||

Translation

ดูก่อนท่านผู้เจริญ ในเวลาเช้าควรบูชาเหล่าเทวดา ในเวลาเที่ยงควรบูชามนุษย์ และในเวลาบ่ายควรบูชาบรรพบุรุษด้วยความศรัทธา

Word by Word

• pūrvāhne: in the forenoon
• pūrvāhne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrvāhna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन (singular); तत्पुरुष: pūrva + ahna (पूर्व + अह्न)

• tāta: dear son!
• tāta: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (singular)

• devānām: of the gods
• devānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन (plural)

• manuṣyāṇām: of humans
• manuṣyāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manuṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन (plural)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• madhyame: at midday (in the middle time)
• madhyame: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhyama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन (singular) (मध्याह्न-समये इत्यर्थः)

• bhaktyā: with devotion
• bhaktyā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhakti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन (singular)

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: रीति/प्रकार-अव्यय (adverb: likewise)

• aparāhne: in the afternoon
• aparāhne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aparāhna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन (singular); तत्पुरुष: apara + ahna (अपर + अह्न)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• kurvota: do (you all)
• kurvota: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), बहुवचन (plural)

• pitṛ-pūjanam: worship of the ancestors
• pitṛ-pūjanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + pūjana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive tatpurusha)

Speakers

• Didactic instruction (addressing a ‘tāta’—likely a teacher-to-disciple tone; exact speaker not specified in provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devas
• Pitṛs (collective)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pañca-mahāyajña ethos (implicit)
• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Daily schedule of worship

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse distributes duty across the day, implying a balanced life: reverence upward (Devas), service outward (humans), and gratitude backward (ancestors).

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction; it supports social and ritual order rather than narrating sarga/manvantara/vaṃśa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Time is sacralized: different ‘currents’ of obligation are aligned with the sun’s course—ascending (Devas), zenith (human society), descending (Pitṛ realm).