Shloka 3

Adhyaya 27 — Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

Sanskrit

मया यदत्र कर्तव्यमैहिकामुष्मिकाय वै ।

सुखाय वद तत्सर्वं प्रश्रयावनतस्य मे ॥

Transliteration

mayā yad atra kartavyam aihikāmuṣmikāya vai | sukhāya vada tat sarvaṃ praśrayāvanatasya me ||

Translation

ข้าพเจ้าก้มลงด้วยความนอบน้อม; ขอท่านจงบอกแก่ข้าพเจ้าถึงสิ่งทั้งปวงที่ควรกระทำในโลกนี้และโลกหน้าเพื่อความผาสุก

Word by Word

• mayā: by me / for me to do
• mayā: Karta (कर्ता—agent in obligation context)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; pronoun

• yat: what
• yat: Karma (कर्म—object of vada)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; relative pronoun

• atra: here / in this matter
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (देशवाचक)

• kartavyam: to be done / duty
• kartavyam: Karma (कर्म—what is to be done)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Gerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; ‘to be done’

• aihikāmuṣmikāya: for worldly and otherworldly (happiness)
• aihikāmuṣmikāya: Prayojana (प्रयोजन—purpose)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aihika + āmuṣmika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; द्वन्द्वसमासः (ऐहिक + आमुष्मिक) used adjectivally; qualifying sukhāya

• vai: indeed
• vai: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, emphatic particle (निपात)

• sukhāya: for happiness
• sukhāya: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Dative, Singular

• vada: tell
• vada: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vad (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular; Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular; demonstrative pronoun

• sarvam: all
• sarvam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular; qualifying tat

• praśraya-avanatasya: of me who is humbly bowed
• praśraya-avanatasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध—genitive relation to me)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: praśraya + avanata (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from अव+नम्)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; तत्पुरुषः (प्रश्रयेण अवनतः)

• me: of me / my
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; enclitic pronoun

Speakers

• Ālarka to his mother Madālasā (within Jaḍa’s narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma inquiry
• Worldly vs. otherworldly aims
• Humility
• Ethical education

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A complete education must address both immediate governance/life-success and long-term spiritual consequence. The proper stance for receiving dharma is humility (praśraya).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic dialogue embedded in narrative; not a pancalakṣaṇa enumerative section, but aligned with the purāṇic function of transmitting dharma through exemplary conversations.

What is the esoteric significance?

The pairing of aihika and āmuṣmika implies the two horizons of action: outer order and inner liberation. The bowed posture hints that knowledge descends when ego inclines.