Shloka 31

Adhyaya 26 — Madālasa Names Alarka and Reorients Him Toward Kshatriya Duty

Sanskrit

सदाप्यायते सुभ्रु ! तद्वद्देवातिथोऽनपि ।

देवैर्मनुष्यैः पितृभिः प्रेतैर्भूतैः सगुह्यकैः ॥

Transliteration

sadāpyāyate subhru! tadvat devātitho 'n api / devair manuṣyaiḥ pitṛbhiḥ pretair bhūtaiḥ sa-guhyakaiḥ //

Translation

โอ้ผู้มีคิ้วงาม ในทำนองเดียวกันนี้ เหล่าเทพและอาคันตุกะก็ได้รับการหล่อเลี้ยงอยู่เสมอ—โดยเทพ มนุษย์ ปิตฤ (บรรพชน) เปรต ภูต และแม้แต่คุหยะกะด้วย

Word by Word

• सदा: always
• सदा: क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालाव्यय (adverb of time)

• अप्यायते: is nourished / thrives
• अप्यायते: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप् + आय (धातु: अप्याय्)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular), आत्मनेपद

• सुभ्रु: O fair-browed one
• सुभ्रु: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु-भ्रू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन

• तद्वत्: likewise / in the same way
• तद्वत्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद्वत् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम-तद्धित)
• Form: उपमानार्थक-अव्यय (indeclinable of comparison: 'like that')

• देवातिथो: of Devātithi
• देवातिथो: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवातिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन; समास: देव + अतिथि (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'guest of the gods')

• अनपि: even not / also not
• अनपि: सम्बन्धसूचक (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध/अपि-समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (particle: 'even not/also not')

• देवैः: by the gods
• देवैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), बहुवचन

• मनुष्यैः: by humans
• मनुष्यैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), बहुवचन

• पितृभिः: by the Pitṛs (ancestors)
• पितृभिः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), बहुवचन

• प्रेतैः: by the departed spirits
• प्रेतैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), बहुवचन

• भूतैः: by beings/spirits
• भूतैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), बहुवचन

• सगुह्यकैः: together with the Guhyakas
• सगुह्यकैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + गुह्यक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), बहुवचन; समास/योग: स- (सहित) + गुह्यक ('with the Guhyakas')

Speakers

• Jaḍa to Madālasā

Primary Deities

• Kubera (implied via guhyakas)

Key Themes

• Atithi-dharma
• Yajña as interdependence
• Ritual ecology of beings
• Pitṛ and preta cosmology

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse expands dharma beyond humans: hospitality and offerings maintain a multi-realm reciprocity. The householder’s rites are portrayed as a cosmic economy sustaining visible and invisible communities.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not a core pañcalakṣaṇa unit; it is dharma teaching within Anucarita, using cosmological categories as support.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Nourishment’ indicates prāṇic circulation across planes. Guests (atithi) also symbolize the divine arriving unannounced; serving them is serving the totality of beings (sarva-bhūta-hita).