Shloka 21

Adhyaya 26 — Madalasa's Teaching II

Sanskrit

एक एव शरीरेषु सर्वेषु पुरुषो यदा /

तदास्य राजन् ! कः शत्रुः को वा मित्रमिहेष्यते

Transliteration

eka eva śarīreṣu sarveṣu puruṣo yadā | tadāsya rājan kaḥ śatruḥ ko vā mitram iheṣyate ||

Translation

เมื่อบุคคลผู้เดียวกันนั้นดำรงอยู่ในกายทั้งปวง ข้าแต่พระราชา แล้วใครเล่าจะเป็นศัตรูของท่าน และใครในที่นี้ควรถูกแสวงหาเป็นมิตร?

Word by Word

• ekaḥ: one, single
• ekaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• eva: indeed, only
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), अव्यय; अवधानार्थक (emphatic)

• śarīreṣu: in bodies
• śarīreṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन

• sarveṣu: in all
• sarveṣu: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; विशेषण

• puruṣaḥ: person/self (puruṣa)
• puruṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• yadā: when
• yadā: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (correlative temporal adverb)

• asya: of him/its
• asya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• rājan: O king
• rājan: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• kaḥ: who/what
• kaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम

• śatruḥ: enemy
• śatruḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śatru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• kaḥ: who/what
• kaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle)

• mitram: friend
• mitram: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• iha: here, in this world
• iha: Deśa (देश/Place)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)

• iṣyate: is regarded/accepted
• iṣyate: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: iṣ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; भावे/कर्मणि-प्रयोगः (passive sense: 'is considered/accepted')

Speakers

• Mādālasā to the king

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Non-duality (advaya)
• Universal Self
• Transcending friend-enemy duality
• Compassion grounded in sameness

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Seeing the same Self in all beings dissolves partiality and hostility. It supports an ethic of equanimity and compassion, since harming another is, at the deepest level, harming one’s own Self.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A jñāna-oriented teaching passage; not directly one of the five Purāṇic marks.

What is the esoteric significance?

Friend/enemy are relational projections (vṛttis) arising in mind. The verse points to samadarśana: the inner witness is identical, while differences belong to names-and-forms.