Shloka 42

Adhyaya 24 — Kuvalayashva’s Refusal of Gifts and the Vision of Madalasa’s Maya

Sanskrit

जड उवाच ततः कुवलयाश्वं तं समाश्वास्य भुजङ्गमः ।

कथयामास तत् सर्वं मृतसञ्जीवनादिकम् ॥

Transliteration

jaḍa uvāca tataḥ kuvalayāśvaṃ taṃ samāśvāsya bhujaṅgamaḥ |

kathayāmāsa tat sarvaṃ mṛtasañjīvanādikam ||

Translation

ชฎะกล่าวว่า ครั้นแล้วสรรพสัตว์ผู้มีสภาพเป็นนาคได้ปลอบประโลมกุวลยาศวะ แล้วเล่าเรื่องทั้งปวงแก่เขาโดยพิสดาร เริ่มแต่การชุบชีวิตผู้ตายและเหตุการณ์ที่เกี่ยวเนื่องกัน

Word by Word

• जडः: Jaḍa (proper name)
• जडः: कर्ता (Karta/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• ततः: then
• ततः: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Temporal locus)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, काल/क्रमवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal/sequential adverb)

• कुवलयाश्वम्: Kuvalayāśva
• कुवलयाश्वम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुवलयाश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• समाश्वास्य: having consoled/encouraged
• समाश्वास्य: पूर्वक्रिया (Pūrvakriyā/Preceding action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-श्वस् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (prior action)

• भुजङ्गमः: the serpent
• भुजङ्गमः: कर्ता (Karta/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुजङ्गम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• कथयामास: narrated/told
• कथयामास: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कथय् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• सर्वम्: all/entire
• सर्वम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjectival) of तत्

• मृतसञ्जीवनादिकम्: the dead-reviving (matter) and the rest
• मृतसञ्जीवनादिकम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृत-सञ्जीवन-आदि (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); समासः: मृतसञ्जीवन (षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-प्रायः) + आदिक (ādi-suffix, 'etc.')

Speakers

• Jaḍa narrating; Nāga instructs Kuvalayāśva

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Consolation after delusion
• Instruction through narrative recap
• Mṛtasañjīvana (revival) motif

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

After confusion, the mind needs reassurance and a coherent account to restore discernment; teaching is framed as compassionate guidance.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Narrative instruction (ākhyāna) rather than pancalakṣaṇa; it supports dharma by reorienting the hearer toward truth.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Reviving the dead’ can symbolize restoring spiritual vitality after the ‘death’ of discrimination caused by māyā.