Shloka 9

Adhyaya 22 — Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

Sanskrit

यक्ष्ये यज्ञेन धर्माय कर्तव्याश्च तथेष्टयः ।

चितयस्तत्र कर्तव्या नास्ति मे दक्षिणा यतः ॥

Transliteration

yakṣye yajñena dharmāya kartavyāś ca tatheṣṭayaḥ | citayas tatra kartavyā nāsti me dakṣiṇā yataḥ

Translation

ข้าจะประกอบยัญญะเพื่อธรรม และพิธีกรรมต้องทำตามแบบแผน ที่นั่นต้องสร้างจิตยะ (โครงแท่น/เชิงตะกอน) แต่ข้าไม่มีทักษิณา

Word by Word

• यक्ष्ये: I will sacrifice
• यक्ष्ये: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• यज्ञेन: by a sacrifice
• यज्ञेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• धर्माय: for righteousness
• धर्माय: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Beneficiary)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन

• कर्तव्याः: to be performed
• कर्तव्याः: विधेय (Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: कर्तव्यवाचक कृदन्त (gerundive, तव्यत्); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘इष्टयः’ इति विशेषण

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (and)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb: likewise/also)

• इष्टयः: rites/offerings (iṣṭis)
• इष्टयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• चितयः: funeral/altar piles (pyres)
• चितयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चिति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक (locative adverb: there)

• कर्तव्याः: to be made
• कर्तव्याः: विधेय (Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: कर्तव्यवाचक कृदन्त (gerundive, तव्यत्); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘चितयः’ इति विशेषण

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध

• अस्ति: is
• अस्ति: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• मे: my
• मे: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• दक्षिणा: sacrificial fee (dakṣiṇā)
• दक्षिणा: कर्ता/विषय (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• यतः: because
• यतः: हेतु (Cause marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; हेतुवाचक (causal conjunction/adverb: because/since)

Speakers

• Tālaketu (disguised) to the prince

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yajña rhetoric
• Dakṣiṇā (ritual economy)
• Deceptive piety

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse shows how dharmic institutions (yajña, dakṣiṇā) can be invoked as pretexts for extraction. It implicitly advises rulers to support genuine rites while guarding against fraudulent claims.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not pancalakṣaṇa-cosmology; it is dharma-in-narrative, illustrating ritual norms (dakṣiṇā) and their potential misuse.

What is the esoteric significance?

A 'sacrifice for dharma' without inner purity becomes parody; the absence of dakṣiṇā hints at spiritual 'lack' being covered by outward ritualism.