Shloka 38

Adhyaya 22 — Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

Sanskrit

विप्राणं मम धर्मस्य गतः स हि महामतिः ।

आनृण्यमर्धभुक्तस्य त्यागाद् देहस्य मे सुतः ॥

Transliteration

viprāṇaṃ mama dharmasya gataḥ sa hi mahāmatiḥ |

ānṛṇyam ardha-bhuktasya tyāgād dehasya me sutaḥ ||

Translation

มหาบุรุษผู้ใจกว้างนั้นได้จากไปเป็นที่พึ่งแก่พราหมณ์และแก่ธรรมะของเรา บุตรของเราเสวยอายุที่กำหนดได้เพียงครึ่งเดียว แล้วบรรลุความพ้นหนี้ด้วยการสละกาย.

Word by Word

• viprāṇām: of the Brahmins
• viprāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural; ‘of the Brahmins’ (IAST shows viprāṇaṃ, but context and form required: viprāṇām)

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular

• dharmasya: of duty/dharma
• dharmasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular

• gataḥ: has gone/attained
• gataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (गत्यर्थे)
• Form: Past active participle (क्तवतु/क्त), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; predicate ‘has gone/has attained’

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (हेतौ/निश्चयार्थे-अव्यय)

• mahāmatiḥ: the great-minded one
• mahāmatiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + mati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; karmadhāraya ‘great-minded’

• ānṛṇyam: freedom from debt/obligation
• ānṛṇyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ānṛṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; object of implied ‘(he) obtained’

• ardha-bhuktasya: of (one) whose (life) was half-enjoyed
• ardha-bhuktasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ardha (प्रातिपदिक) + bhukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √bhuj भोगे)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular; qualifying ‘dehasya’: ‘of the half-enjoyed body/life’; tatpuruṣa

• tyāgāt: from abandonment/sacrifice
• tyāgāt: Apādāna (अपादानम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tyāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular; cause/source ‘from/by abandonment’

• dehasya: of the body
• dehasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular

• me: my
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (enclitic)

• sutaḥ: son
• sutaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (mother’s voice strongly implied by ‘me sutaḥ’)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ānṛṇya (debtlessness)
• Renunciation through sacrifice
• Brāhmaṇa as dharma-bearer

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even an early death is reinterpreted as spiritually complete when it fulfills dharma; ‘ānṛṇya’ suggests that right action can discharge life’s obligations more decisively than longevity.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Not pañcalakṣaṇa; it is ethical doctrine expressed through family narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Abandonment of the body’ hints at the inner yogic principle: relinquishing identification (dehābhimāna) is the deeper ‘tyāga’ that yields true freedom from karmic indebtedness.