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Shloka 40

Adhyaya 20Ritadhvaja’s Companionship with the Naga Princes and the Origin of the Horse Kuvalaya

तत् कथ्यतां महाभाग कार्यवान् येन पुत्रकौ ।

स भूपालसुतः साधुर्येनानृण्यं भवेत वाम् ॥

tat kathyatāṃ mahābhāga kāryavān yena putrakau | sa bhūpāla-sutaḥ sādhur yenānṛṇyaṃ bhavet vām ||

โอผู้มีบุญวาสนา จงบอกเถิดว่าโดยสิ่งใดบุตรทั้งสองจะสำเร็จในกิจของตน; และจงกล่าวถึงเจ้าชายผู้ทรงธรรมซึ่งจะทำให้พวกท่านทั้งสองพ้นจากหนี้บุญคุณได้ด้วย।

tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म/object of 'kathyatām')
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; 'that (matter)'
kathyatāmlet (it) be told
kathyatām:
Kriyā (क्रिया/imperative passive)
TypeVerb
Rootkath (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; 'let it be told'
mahābhāgaO fortunate one
mahābhāga:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, संबोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: 'great-fortuned' (address)
kāryavānhaving a purpose
kāryavān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootkārya (प्रातिपदिक) + -vat (तद्धित)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'having a task/purpose'
yenaby which
yena:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; relative pronoun 'by which/whereby'
putrakauthe two sons
putrakau:
Karta (कर्ता/understood beneficiaries/participants)
TypeNoun
Rootputraka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), द्विवचन; 'two sons/boys'
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun
bhūpāla-sutaḥson of a king
bhūpāla-sutaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūpāla (प्रातिपदिक) + suta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'son of a king'
sādhuḥvirtuous
sādhuḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootsādhu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; predicate adjective
yenaby which
yena:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; 'by which/whereby'
anṛṇyamfreedom from debt
anṛṇyam:
Karma (कर्म/result/object)
TypeNoun
Rootanṛṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; 'freedom from debt/obligation'
bhavetmay become
bhavet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्-लकार (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; 'may be/should become'
vāmof you two
vām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootyusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया/षष्ठी (Acc/Gen) द्विवचन; enclitic pronoun 'of you two/for you two' (here genitive sense with anṛṇyam)
A request addressed to a ‘mahābhāga’ teacher/elder; dual pronouns indicate two addressees/listeners in the scene.

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Dharma of obligation (ṛṇa)Instruction-requestVirtuous exemplar (prince)

FAQs

The verse frames learning as purposeful: instruction should lead to effective action and to discharge of obligations (ṛṇa). ‘Anṛṇya’ reflects the purāṇic-vedic ethic of repaying debts—especially to parents/teachers/tradition—through right conduct.

Prepares for vaṃśānucarita-style exemplum (story of a virtuous prince), though the verse itself is a dialogic hinge rather than genealogy.

‘Debt’ can be read inwardly as karmic residue; the sought exemplar becomes a template for action that clears inner arrears through dharmic alignment.