Shloka 3

Adhyaya 20 — Ritadhvaja’s Companionship with the Naga Princes and the Origin of the Horse Kuvalaya

Sanskrit

स समानवयो-बुद्धि-सत्त्व-विक्रम-चेष्टितैः ।

नृपपुत्रो नृपसुतैर्नित्यमास्ते समावृतः ॥

Transliteration

sa samānavayo-buddhi-sattva-vikrama-ceṣṭitaiḥ | nṛpaputro nṛpasutair nityam āste samāvṛtaḥ ||

Translation

เจ้าชายพระองค์นั้นทรงแวดล้อมอยู่เสมอด้วยเจ้าชายผู้มีวัยเดียวกัน ผู้เสมอกันทั้งปัญญา ความกล้า ความองอาจ และความประพฤติอันงาม และทรงอยู่ร่วมในหมู่พวกเขาเป็นนิตย์

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (pronoun); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• समानवयः-बुद्धि-सत्त्व-विक्रम-चेष्टितैः: with those of equal age, intellect, courage, valor, and conduct
• समानवयः-बुद्धि-सत्त्व-विक्रम-चेष्टितैः: सहकारक/साधन (Karaṇa/Instrument; associative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समानवयस् + बुद्धि + सत्त्व + विक्रम + चेष्टित (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग-समाहार (collective sense), तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः (collective dvandva)

• नृपपुत्रः: the king’s son
• नृपपुत्रः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject; apposition to सः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive tatpurusha: 'king's son')

• नृपसुतैः: with the princes
• नृपसुतैः: सहकारक (Sahakāraka/Accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृपसुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('king's sons')

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• आस्ते: stays/sits/remains
• आस्ते: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आस् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• समावृतः: surrounded/encircled
• समावृतः: कर्तृविशेषण (Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa/Subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-आ-वृत् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrator (chapter narrative voice; not Devi Mahatmyam)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Royal life
• Education and virtues
• Companionship

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Character is shaped by saṅga (company). The verse praises peer association grounded in matched virtues—intellect, courage, and disciplined conduct—implying that noble companionship stabilizes a ruler’s temperament.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

It belongs to Vaṃśānucarita / Carita-style narrative (dynastic/biographical episode), not to Sarga/Pratisarga or Manvantara enumeration in this specific verse.

What is the esoteric significance?

On a symbolic reading, the ‘same-age, same-virtue’ circle suggests harmonized inner faculties (buddhi–sattva–vikrama–ceṣṭā) surrounding the central self, indicating integrated leadership rather than scattered impulses.