Shloka 21

Adhyaya 20 — Ritadhvaja’s Companionship with the Naga Princes and the Origin of the Horse Kuvalaya

Sanskrit

तस्योपचारसम्प्रीति-सम्भोगापहृतं मनः ।

नागलोके भुवर्लोके न रतिं विन्दते पितः ॥

Transliteration

tasyopacāra-samprīti-sambhogāpahṛtaṃ manaḥ |

nāgaloke bhuvarloke na ratiṃ vindate pitaḥ ||

Translation

จิตของเราถูกช่วงชิงไปด้วยไมตรีจิต ความรัก และการคบหาของเจ้าชายนั้น; เพราะฉะนั้น ทั้งในนาคโลกและในโลกมนุษย์บนแผ่นดิน เราไม่ยินดีในสิ่งใดเลย

Word by Word

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (एकवचन)

• upacāra-samprīti-sambhoga-apahṛtam: carried away by service, affection, and enjoyment
• upacāra-samprīti-sambhoga-apahṛtam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upacāra (प्रातिपदिक) + samprīti (प्रातिपदिक) + sambhoga (प्रातिपदिक) + apahṛta (apa-√hṛ धातु, क्त)
• Form: Multi-member Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) qualifying manaḥ: ‘upacāraiḥ samprītyā sambhogena apahṛtam’ (carried away by attentions, affection, and enjoyment); Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• manaḥ: mind
• manaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• nāga-loke: in the Nāga-world
• nāga-loke: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāga (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound (तत्पुरुष): ‘nāgānāṃ lokaḥ’ (world of serpents); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhuvar-loke: in Bhuvarloka
• bhuvar-loke: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhuvar (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound (तत्पुरुष): ‘bhuvaraḥ lokaḥ’ (Bhuvarloka); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: not
• na: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध), Indeclinable (अव्यय)

• ratim: delight, pleasure
• ratim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• vindate: finds, attains
• vindate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vid (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• pitaḥ: O father
• pitaḥ: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Nāga-sons addressing their father (vocative ‘pitaḥ’)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Mind carried away (apahṛta-manas)
• Power of upacāra (courtesy) and samprīti (affection)
• Discontent despite having realms/pleasures

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Pleasure is not guaranteed by location or abundance; rati follows the mind’s attachment. When the mind is ‘carried off’ by one relationship, other enjoyments lose their taste—showing the sovereignty of manas over experience.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Narrative psychology within an upākhyāna; cosmological terms (nāga-loka, bhuvar-loka) appear incidentally.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Upacāra’ and ‘samprīti’ are subtle binders: even sattvic sweetness can bind if it becomes the sole source of rati; liberation requires relocating delight from objects to the Self.