Shloka 81

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

तत् तत् सर्वं समाख्यातं यथा दृष्टं मया पुरा ।

पुरानुभवजं ज्ञानमवाप्यावितथं तव ।

अतः परं महाभाग किमन्यत् कथयामि ते ॥

Transliteration

tat tat sarvaṃ samākhyātaṃ yathā dṛṣṭaṃ mayā purā | purānubhavajaṃ jñānam avāpya avitathaṃ tava | ataḥ paraṃ mahābhāga kim anyat kathayāmi te ||

Translation

ทั้งหมดนี้ข้าพเจ้าได้อธิบายตามที่เคยเห็นมาก่อนแล้ว ความรู้ที่เกิดจากประสบการณ์ก่อนหน้า—เป็นความจริงเพื่อท่าน—ได้มอบให้แล้ว; ดังนั้น โอผู้มีบุญวาสนา ข้าพเจ้าจะกล่าวสิ่งใดเกินกว่านี้อีกเล่า?

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative); एकवचन (reduplicated: each and every)

• तत्: that (each)
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन (distributive)

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन

• समाख्यातम्: has been told
• समाख्यातम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-√ख्या (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; एकवचन (agreeing with सर्वम्)

• यथा: as
• यथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार/उपमानवाचक-अव्यय (as/just as)

• दृष्टम्: seen
• दृष्टम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; एकवचन

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental); एकवचन

• पुरा: formerly
• पुरा: Kala (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (formerly/once)

• पुरानुभवजम्: born of past experience
• पुरानुभवजम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरा + अनुभव + ज (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ज्ञानम्)

• ज्ञानम्: knowledge
• ज्ञानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन

• अवाप्य: having obtained
• अवाप्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-√आप् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive): ‘having obtained’

• अवितथम्: not false / true
• अवितथम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + वितथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ज्ञानम्)

• तव: for you / of you
• तव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी (6th/Genitive); एकवचन

• अतः: therefore
• अतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतः (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतुवाचक-अव्यय (therefore/from this)

• परम्: further
• परम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावार्थे अव्ययवत् (adverbial accusative: further/next)

• महाभाग: O greatly fortunate one
• महाभाग: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + भाग (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative); एकवचन

• किम्: what
• किम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन

• अन्यत्: else/other
• अन्यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying किम्)

• कथयामि: I tell
• कथयामि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कथ् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present); उत्तमपुरुष (1st person); एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; चतुर्थी (4th/Dative) एकवचन (enclitic)

Speakers

• Son concluding narration to father/interlocutor

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Closure
• Authority of experience
• Transmission of knowledge
• Dialogue structure

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The Purāṇic voice grounds moral teaching in ‘seen’ reality (dṛṣṭa) and remembered experience, strengthening trust in dharma by presenting it as experiential knowledge rather than mere speculation.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

A framing-device verse (saṃvāda closure), supporting the narrative container in which Purāṇic teachings—including the five marks elsewhere—are delivered.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Knowledge from prior experience’ hints at continuity of consciousness across lives: memory/insight can pierce temporal boundaries, implying that dharma is verifiable through inner awakening, not only scripture.