Shloka 61

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

यज्ञदानतपांसीह परत्र च न भूतये ।

भवन्ति तस्य यस्यार्तपरित्राणे न मानसम् ॥

Transliteration

yajña-dāna-tapāṃsīha paratra ca na bhūtaye | bhavanti tasya yasyārta-paritrāṇe na mānasam ||

Translation

ผู้ใดมีใจไม่ตั้งมั่นในการคุ้มครองผู้ทุกข์ยาก การบูชายัญ ทาน และตบะของผู้นั้น—ทั้งในโลกนี้และโลกหน้า—ย่อมไม่ก่อให้เกิดความผาสุก

Word by Word

• यज्ञ-दान-तपांसि: sacrifice, charity, and austerities
• यज्ञ-दान-तपांसि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक) + दान (प्रातिपदिक) + तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (copulative): sacrifices, gifts, and austerities

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: देश/काल-अव्यय (here/in this world)

• परत्र: hereafter; in the next world
• परत्र: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देश/काल-अव्यय (there/in the next world)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• न: not
• न: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात

• भूतये: for welfare/prosperity
• भूतये: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative), एकवचन

• भवन्ति: become; are (effective)
• भवन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आर्त-परित्राणे: in protecting the afflicted
• आर्त-परित्राणे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्त (प्रातिपदिक) + परित्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: ‘आर्तस्य परित्राणम्’ = protection of the afflicted

• न: not
• न: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात

• मानसम्: the mind; intention
• मानसम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन; ‘mind/intent’

Speakers

• King (didactic continuation)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Compassion
• Primacy of intention
• Critique of ritualism
• Karma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual and ascetic practice are ethically hollow without the intention to relieve suffering. Dharma is measured by dayā and protection of the vulnerable, not by external performance alone.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma-teaching; it regulates the meaning of yajña/dāna/tapas rather than describing cosmology or dynasties.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse points to ‘bhāva’ (inner disposition) as the true sacrificial fire: without compassionate intention, practices do not ‘cook’ into spiritual welfare.